Haiti - Geography
Here, let us take a look at the Geography of Haiti. Shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic); it is the most mountainous nation in the Caribbean. Mother's mean age at first birth is 22.4 years (2016/7 est.) (Note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49), whereas, the Maternal mortality ratio is 350 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)
Geographical data of Haiti
| Location | Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic |
|---|---|
| Geographic coordinates | 19 00 N, 72 25 W |
| Map references | Central America and the Caribbean |
| Tarrain | mostly rough and mountainous |
| Natural Resources | bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower, arable land |
| Natural Hazards | lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts |
| Irrigated Land | 800 sq km (2013) |
| Major rivers (by length in km) | |
| Major aquifers | |
| Land Boundaries | 376 km |
| Border Countries | Dominican Republic 376 km |
| Coastline | 1,771 km |
| Climate | tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds |
| Area | |
| Total Area | |
| Land Area | 27,560 sq km |
| Water Area | 190 sq km |
| comparative Area | slightly smaller than Maryland |
| Maritime Claims | |
| Territorial sea | 12 nm |
| Contiguous zone | 24 nm |
| Exclusive economic zone | 200 nm |
| Continental shelf | to depth of exploitation |
| Elevations | |
| Highest point | Pic la Selle 2,674 m |
| Lowest point | Caribbean Sea 0 m |
| Mean elevation | 470 m |
| Land Use | |
| Agricultural land | 66.4% (2018 est.) |
| Agricultural land: arable land | arable land: 38.5% (2018 est.) |
| Agricultural land: permanent crops | permanent crops: 10.2% (2018 est.) |
| Agricultural land: permanent pasture | permanent pasture: 17.7% (2018 est.) |
| Forest | 3.6% (2018 est.) |
| Other | 30% (2018 est.) |
Population Distribution
Fairly even distribution; largest concentrations located near coastal areas
People and Society
In Haiti, the different Ethnic groups are such that we have: Black 95%, mixed and White 5%
| Population | |
|---|---|
| Pop growth rate | 1.23% (2024 est.) |
| Birth rate | 21.2 births/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
| Death rate | 7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
| Health expenditure | 3.3% of GDP (2020) |
| Physicians Density | |
| Hospital bed Density | 0.7 beds/1,000 population (2013) |
| Total fertility rate | 2.44 children born/woman (2024 est.) |
| Gross reproduction rate | 1.21 (2024 est.) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | 34.3% (2016/17) |
| Est married women (ages 15-49) | 51.4% (2023 est.) |
| Literacy | age 15 and over can read and write |
| Education expenditures | 1.4% of GDP (2020 est.) |
| Net Migration rate | -1.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
| Nationality | Haitian | Haitian(s) |
| Languages | |
| Religions | Catholic 55%, Protestant 29%, Vodou 2.1%, other 4.6%, none 10% (2018 est.) |
| Age Structure | |
| 0-14 years | 30.5% (male 1,790,061/female 1,794,210) |
| 15-64 years | 65.3% (male 3,787,782/female 3,887,791) |
| 65 years and over | 4.2% (2024 est.) (male 214,600/female 279,499) |
| Dependency Ratios | |
| Total dependency ratio | 58.3 |
| Youth dependency ratio | 51.2 |
| Elderly dependency ratio | 7.1 |
| Potential support ratio | 14.1 (2021 est.) |
| Median Age | |
| Total | 25 years (2024 est.) |
| Male | 24.7 years |
| Female | 25.3 years |
| Urbanization | |
| Urban population | 59.7% of total population (2023) |
| Rate of urbanization | 2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
| Major urban areas (Pop) | 2.987 million PORT-AU-PRINCE (capital) (2023). |
| Sex Ratio | |
| At birth | 1.01 male(s)/female |
| 0-14 years | 1 male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 0.97 male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.77 male(s)/female |
| Total population | 0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.) |
| Infant Motality | |
| Total | 36.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.) |
| Male | 40.2 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Female | 33.5 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life Expectancy at birth | |
| Total population | 65.6 years (2024 est.) |
| Male | 63.8 years |
| Female | 67.4 years |
| Drinking Water Sources | |
| Improved: urban | urban: 91.9% of population |
| Improved: rural | rural: 56.1% of population |
| Improved: total | total: 76.5% of population |
| Unimproved: urban | urban: 8.1% of population |
| Unimproved: rural | rural: 43.9% of population |
| Unimproved: total | total: 23.5% of population (2020 est.) |
| Sanitation facility acess | |
| Improved: urban | urban: 82.9% of population |
| Improved: rural | rural: 42.6% of population |
| Improved: total | total: 65.6% of population |
| Unimproved: urban | urban: 17.1% of population |
| Unimproved: rural | rural: 57.4% of population |
| Unimproved: total | total: 34.4% of population (2020 est.) |
| Major Infectious diseases | |
| Degree of risk | very high (2023) |
| Food or waterborne diseases | bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever |
| Vectorborne diseases | dengue fever and malaria |
| Alcohol consumption per capita | |
| Total | 2.85 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Beer | 0.55 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Wine | 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Spirits | 2.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Other alcohols | 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Tobacco use | |
| Total | 7.7% (2020 est.) |
| Male | 12.2% (2020 est.) |
| Female | 3.1% (2020 est.) |
| Child marriage | |
| Women married by age 15 | 2.1% |
| Women married by age 18 | 14.9% |
| Men married by age 18 | 1.6% (2017 est.) |
Demographic profile
All Important Facts about Haiti
Want to know more about Haiti? Check all different factbooks for Haiti below.
