Romania - Geography
Here, let us take a look at the Geography of Romania. Controls the most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine; the Carpathian Mountains dominate the center of the country, while the Danube River forms much of the southern boundary with Serbia and Bulgaria. Mother's mean age at first birth is 27.1 years (2020 est.) (), whereas, the Maternal mortality ratio is 10 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)
Geographical data of Romania
| Location | Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine |
|---|---|
| Geographic coordinates | 46 00 N, 25 00 E |
| Map references | Europe |
| Tarrain | central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Moldavian Plateau on the east by the Eastern Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps |
| Natural Resources | petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower |
| Natural Hazards | earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides |
| Irrigated Land | 4,730 sq km (2020) |
| Major rivers (by length in km) | Dunărea (Danube) river mouth (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Moldova, and Ukraine) - 2,888 km note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth |
| Major aquifers | |
| Land Boundaries | 2,844 km |
| Border Countries | Bulgaria 605 km; Hungary 424 km; Moldova 683 km; Serbia 531 km; Ukraine 601 km |
| Coastline | 225 km |
| Climate | temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms |
| Area | |
| Total Area | |
| Land Area | 229,891 sq km |
| Water Area | 8,500 sq km |
| comparative Area | twice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oregon |
| Maritime Claims | |
| Territorial sea | 12 nm |
| Contiguous zone | 24 nm |
| Exclusive economic zone | 200 nm |
| Continental shelf | 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
| Elevations | |
| Highest point | Moldoveanu 2,544 m |
| Lowest point | Black Sea 0 m |
| Mean elevation | 414 m |
| Land Use | |
| Agricultural land | 60.7% (2018 est.) |
| Agricultural land: arable land | arable land: 39.1% (2018 est.) |
| Agricultural land: permanent crops | permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.) |
| Agricultural land: permanent pasture | permanent pasture: 19.7% (2018 est.) |
| Forest | 28.7% (2018 est.) |
| Other | 10.6% (2018 est.) |
Population Distribution
Urbanization is not particularly high, and a fairly even population distribution can be found throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; Hungarians, the country's largest minority, have a particularly strong presence in eastern Transylvania
People and Society
In Romania, the different Ethnic groups are such that we have: Romanian 89.3%, Hungarian 6%, Romani 3.4%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.1%, other 0.9% (2021 est.)
| Population | |
|---|---|
| Pop growth rate | -0.94% (2024 est.) |
| Birth rate | 8.5 births/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
| Death rate | 14.6 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
| Health expenditure | 6.3% of GDP (2020) |
| Physicians Density | |
| Hospital bed Density | 6.9 beds/1,000 population (2017) |
| Total fertility rate | 1.63 children born/woman (2024 est.) |
| Gross reproduction rate | 0.79 (2024 est.) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | NA |
| Est married women (ages 15-49) | 54.8% (2023) |
| Literacy | age 15 and over can read and write |
| Education expenditures | 3.7% of GDP (2020 est.) |
| Net Migration rate | -3.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
| Nationality | Romanian | Romanian(s) |
| Languages | |
| Religions | Romanian Orthodox 85.3%, Roman Catholic 4.5%, Reformed 3%, Pentecostal 2.5%, other 4.7% (2021 est.) |
| Age Structure | |
| 0-14 years | 15.4% (male 1,441,359/female 1,362,304) |
| 15-64 years | 62% (male 5,618,366/female 5,632,718) |
| 65 years and over | 22.6% (2024 est.) (male 1,688,070/female 2,405,338) |
| Dependency Ratios | |
| Total dependency ratio | 53.7 |
| Youth dependency ratio | 24.6 |
| Elderly dependency ratio | 29.1 |
| Potential support ratio | 3.4 (2021 est.) |
| Median Age | |
| Total | 45.5 years (2024 est.) |
| Male | 44 years |
| Female | 46.9 years |
| Urbanization | |
| Urban population | 54.7% of total population (2023) |
| Rate of urbanization | -0.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
| Major urban areas (Pop) | 1.776 million BUCHAREST (capital) (2023). |
| Sex Ratio | |
| At birth | 1.06 male(s)/female |
| 0-14 years | 1.06 male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 1 male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.7 male(s)/female |
| Total population | 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.) |
| Infant Motality | |
| Total | 5.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.) |
| Male | 5.8 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Female | 5.2 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life Expectancy at birth | |
| Total population | 76.9 years (2024 est.) |
| Male | 73.4 years |
| Female | 80.5 years |
| Drinking Water Sources | |
| Improved: urban | urban: 100% of population |
| Improved: rural | rural: 100% of population |
| Improved: total | total: 100% of population |
| Unimproved: urban | urban: 0% of population |
| Unimproved: rural | rural: 0% of population |
| Unimproved: total | total: 0% of population (2020 est.) |
| Sanitation facility acess | |
| Improved: urban | urban: 96.9% of population |
| Improved: rural | rural: 76% of population |
| Improved: total | total: 87.3% of population |
| Unimproved: urban | urban: 3.1% of population |
| Unimproved: rural | rural: 24% of population |
| Unimproved: total | total: 12.7% of population (2020 est.) |
| Alcohol consumption per capita | |
| Total | 10.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Beer | 5.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Wine | 3.38 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Spirits | 2.25 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Other alcohols | 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Tobacco use | |
| Total | 28% (2020 est.) |
| Male | 35.9% (2020 est.) |
| Female | 20% (2020 est.) |
Demographic profile
All Important Facts about Romania
Want to know more about Romania? Check all different factbooks for Romania below.
