Andorra - Government
Based on the etymolgy of Andorra, it was the origin of the country's name is obscure; the name may derive from the Arabic "ad-darra" meaning "the forest," a reference to its location as part of the Spanish March (defensive buffer zone) against the invading Moors in the 8th century; an alternate explanation is that the name originates from a Navarrese word "andurrial" meaning "shrub-covered land". The Government system in this country is the parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains its chiefs of state in the form of a co-principality; the two princes are the President of France and Bishop of Seu d'Urgell, Spain type and the different Administrative divisions includes: 7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La Massana, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria
National symbols

Red cow (breed unspecified); national colors: blue, yellow, red.

The flag
The National flag of Andorra has three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the latter band is slightly wider than the other 2 so that the ratio of band widths is 8:9:8; the coat of arms features a quartered shield with the emblems of (starting in the upper left and proceeding clockwise): Urgell, Foix, Bearn, and Catalonia; the motto reads VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR (Strength United is Stronger); the flag combines the blue and red French colors with the red and yellow of Spain to show Franco-Spanish protection.
The National Anthem
Title "El Gran Carlemany" (The Great Charlemagne)
Lyric/music Joan BENLLOCH i VIVO/Enric MARFANY BONS
More about the government of Andorra
Date of Independence 1278 (formed under the joint sovereignty of the French Count of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgell)
National holiday Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)
Legal system mixed legal system of civil and customary law with the influence of canon (religious) law
International law organization participation has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Constitution
History Drafted 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 28 April 1993
Amendments Proposed by the coprinces jointly or by the General Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the General Council, ratification in a referendum, and sanctioning by the coprinces
Citizenship
Citizenship by birth no
Citizenship by descent only the mother must be an Andorran citizen or the father must have been born in Andorra and both parents maintain permanent residence in Andorra
Dual citizenship recognized no
Residency requirement for naturalization 25 years
Executive Branch
Chief of state Co-prince Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Patrick STROZDA (since 14 May 2017); and Co-prince Archbishop Joan-Enric VIVES i Sicilia (since 12 May 2003); represented by Eduard Ibanez PULIDO (since 27 November 2023)
Head of government Prime Minister Xavier Espot ZAMORA (since 16 May 2019)
Cabinet Executive Council composed of head of government and 11 ministers designated by the head of government
Elections/appointments head of government indirectly elected by the General Council (Andorran parliament), formally appointed by the co-princes for a 4-year term; election last held on 2 April 2023 (next to be held in April 2027); the leader of the majority party in the General Council is usually elected head of government
Election results
2023:
Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) reelected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 57.1%

2019:
Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) elected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 60.7
Legislative branch
Description Unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de les Valls (28 seats; 14 members directly elected in two-seat constituencies (7 parishes) by simple majority vote and 14 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms); note - voters cast two separate ballots - one for national election and one for their parish
Elections Last held on 2 April 2023 (next to be held in April 2027)
Election results Percent of vote by party/coalition - DA, CC, L'A & ACCIO alliance 43.6%, C 21.4%, AE 16%, PS & SDP alliance 21.1%; seats by party/coalition - DA, CC, L'A & ACCIO alliance 17, C 5, AE 3, PS & SDP alliance 3; composition - men 14, women 14, percentage women 50%
Judicial branch
Highest court(s) Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de la Justicia d'Andorra (consists of the court president and 8 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 4 magistrates)
Judge selection and term of office Supreme Court president and judges appointed by the Supreme Council of Justice, a 5-member judicial policy and administrative body appointed 1 each by the coprinces, 1 by the General Council, 1 by the executive council president, and 1 by the courts; judges serve 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional magistrates - 2 appointed by the coprinces and 2 by the General Council; magistrates' appointments limited to 2 consecutive 8-year terms
Subordinate courts Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts
Diplomatic representation in the US
Chief of mission Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Joan FORNER ROVIRA (since 20 August 2024); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN
Chancery 2 United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10017
Telephone [1] (212) 750-8064
FAX [1] (212) 750-6630
Email address and website
[email protected]

https://www.exteriors.ad/en/embassies-of-andorra/andorra-usa-embassy
Diplomatic representation from the US
Embassy The US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the US Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda de Montcada, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Espana; telephone: [34] (93) 280-22-27; FAX: [34] (93) 280-61-75; email address: [email protected]
National heritage
Total World Heritage Sites  1 (cultural)
Selected World Heritage Site locales Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley
Key Political parties and their leaders in Andorra
  • International organization participation
  • CE
  • FAO
  • ICAO
  • ICC (NGOs)
  • ICCt
  • ICRM
  • IFRCS
  • Interpol
  • IOC
  • IPU
  • ITU
  • OIF
  • OPCW
  • OSCE
  • UN
  • UNCTAD
  • UNESCO
  • Union Latina
  • UNWTO
  • WCO
  • WHO
  • WIPO
  • WTO (observer)
  • All Important Facts about Andorra

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    Andorra is found in Southern Europe