The Government of Mongolia - The World Countries

Mongolia - Government

Based on the etymolgy of Mongolia, it was the name means "Land of the Mongols" in Latin; the Mongolian name Mongol Uls translates as "Mongol State". The Government system in this country is the semi-presidential republic type and the different Administrative divisions includes: 21 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 1 municipality* (singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan-Uul, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan (Zavkhan), Govi-Altay, Govisumber, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Orhon, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs

National symbols

Soyombo emblem; national colors: red, blue, yellow.

The flag

The National flag of Mongolia has three, equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol); blue represents the sky, red symbolizes progress and prosperity.

The National Anthem

Title	"Mongol ulsyn toriin duulal" (National Anthem of Mongolia)
Lyric/music	Tsendiin DAMDINSUREN/Bilegiin DAMDINSUREN and Luvsanjamts MURJORJ

note: music adopted 1950, lyrics adopted 2006; lyrics altered on numerous occasions

More about the government of Mongolia

Constitution
Date of Independence	29 December 1911 (independence declared from China; in actuality, autonomy attained); 11 July 1921 (from China)
National holiday	Naadam (games) holiday (commemorates independence from China in the 1921 Revolution), 11-15 July; Constitution Day (marks the date that the Mongolian People's Republic was created under a new constitution), 26 November (1924)
Legal system	civil law system influenced by Soviet and Romano-Germanic legal systems; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts
International law organization participation	has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
History	Several previous; latest adopted 13 January 1992, effective 12 February 1992
Amendments	Proposed by the State Great Hural, by the president of the republic, by the government, or by petition submitted to the State Great Hural by the Constitutional Court; conducting referenda on proposed amendments requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the State Great Hural; passage of amendments by the State Great Hural requires at least three-quarters majority vote; passage by referendum requires majority participation of qualified voters and a majority of votes; amended 1999, 2000, 2019, 2023; note - an amendment passed in a referendum held in May 2023 increased the seats in the State Great Hural from 76 to 126
Citizenship
Citizenship by birth	no
Citizenship by descent only	both parents must be citizens of Mongolia; one parent if born within Mongolia
Dual citizenship recognized	no
Residency requirement for naturalization	5 years
Executive Branch
Chief of state	President Ukhnaagiin KHURELSUKH (since 25 June 2021)
Head of government	Prime Minister Luvsannamsrai OYUN-ERDENE (since 27 January 2021)
Cabinet	directly appointed by the prime minister following a constitutional amendment ratified in November 2019; prior to the amendment, the cabinet was nominated by the prime minister in consultation with the president and confirmed by the State Great Hural (parliament)
Elections/appointments	presidential candidates nominated by political parties represented in the State Great Hural and directly elected by simple majority popular vote for one 6-year term; election last held on 9 June 2021 (next to be held in 2027); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by the State Great Hural
Election results	2021: Ukhnaagiin KHURELSUKH elected president in first round; percent of vote - Ukhnaagiin KHURELSUKH (MPP) 68%, Dangaasuren ENKHBAT (RPEC) 20.1%, Sodnomzundui ERDENE (DP) 6% 2017: Khaltmaa BATTULGA elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Khaltmaa BATTULGA (DP) 38.1%, Miyegombo ENKHBOLD (MPP) 30.3%, Sainkhuu GANBAATAR (MPRP) 30.2%, invalid 1.4%; percent of vote in second round - Khaltmaa BATTULGA 55.2%, Miyegombo ENKHBOLD 44.8%
Legislative branch
Description	Unicameral State Great Hural or Ulsyn Ikh Khural (126 seats; 78 members directly elected in a selected constituency by simple majority vote and 48 members directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
Elections	Last held on 28 June 2024 (next to be held June 2028)
Election results	Percent of vote by party - MPP 35.0%, DP 30.1%, HUN Party 10.4%, National Coalition 5.2%, CWGP 5%, other 14.3%; seats by party - MPP 68, DP 42, HUN Party 8, National Coalition 4, CWGP 4; composition - N/A
Judicial branch
Highest court(s)	Supreme Court (consists of the Chief Justice and 24 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tsets (consists of the chairman and 8 members)
Judge selection and term of office	Supreme Court chief justice and judges appointed by the president upon recommendation by the General Council of Courts - a 14-member body of judges and judicial officials - to the State Great Hural; appointment is for life; chairman of the Constitutional Court elected from among its members; members appointed from nominations by the State Great Hural - 3 each by the president, the State Great Hural, and the Supreme Court; appointment is 6 years; chairmanship limited to a single renewable 3-year term
Subordinate courts	Aimag (provincial) and capital city appellate courts; soum, inter-soum, and district courts; Administrative Cases Courts
Diplomatic representation in the US
Chief of mission	Ambassador BATBAYAR Ulziidelger (since 1 December 2021)
Chancery	2833 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
Telephone	[1] (202) 333-7117
FAX	[1] (202) 298-9227
Email address and website	[email protected] http://mongolianembassy.us/
Consulate(s) general	New York, San Francisco
Diplomatic representation from the US
Chief of mission	Ambassador Richard L. BUANGAN (since November 2022)
Embassy	Denver Street #3, 11th Micro-District, Ulaanbaatar 14190
Mailing address	4410 Ulaanbaatar Place, Washington DC 20521-4410
Telephone	[976] 7007-6001
FAX	[976] 7007-6174
Email address and website	[email protected] https://mn.usembassy.gov/
National heritage
Total World Heritage Sites	6 (4 cultural, 2 natural)
Selected World Heritage Site locales	Uvs Nuur Basin (n); Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape (c); Petroglyphic Complexes of the Mongolian Altai (c); Great Burkhan Khaldun Mountain and surrounding sacred landscape (c); Landscapes of Dauria (n); Deer Stone Monuments and Related Bronze Age Sites (c)