Leopard; national colors: blue, white.
Title | "Qolobaa Calankeed" (Every Nation Has its own Flag) |
---|---|
Lyric/music | lyrics/music: Abdullahi QARSHE |
Date of Independence | 1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960 to form the Somali Republic) |
---|---|
National holiday | Foundation of the Somali Republic, 1 July (1960); note - 26 June (1960) in Somaliland |
Legal system | mixed legal system of civil law, Islamic (sharia) law, and customary law (referred to as Xeer) |
International law organization participation | accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt |
Constitution | |
History | Previous 1961, 1979; latest drafted 12 June 2012, adopted 1 August 2012 (provisional) |
Amendments | Proposed by the federal government, by members of the state governments, the Federal Parliament, or by public petition; proposals require review by a joint committee of Parliament with inclusion of public comments and state legislatures’ comments; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Parliament and approval by a majority of votes cast in a referendum; constitutional clauses on Islamic principles, the federal system, human rights and freedoms, powers and authorities of the government branches, and inclusion of women in national institutions cannot be amended; amended 2024 |
Citizenship | |
Citizenship by birth | no |
Citizenship by descent only | the father must be a citizen of Somalia |
Dual citizenship recognized | no |
Residency requirement for naturalization | 7 years |
Executive Branch | |
Chief of state | President HASSAN SHEIKH Mohamud (since 23 May 2022) |
Head of government | Prime Minister Hamza Abdi BARRE (since 25 June 2022) |
Cabinet | Cabinet appointed by the prime minister, approved by the House of the People |
Elections/appointments | president indirectly elected by the Federal Parliament by two-thirds majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single 4-year term; election last held on 15 May 2022 (next to be held in 2026); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of the People |
Election results | 2022: HASSAN SHEIKH Mohamud elected president in third round - Federal Parliament percent of vote in first round - Said ABDULLAHI DENI (Kaah) 20.2%, Mohamed ABDULLAHI Mohamed "Farmaajo" (TPP) 18.3%, HASSAN SHEIKH Mohamud (PDP) 16.2%, Hassan Ali KHAYRE (independent) 14.6%, other 30.7%; Federal Parliament percent of vote in second round - HASSAN SHEIKH Mohamud 34.1%, Mohamed ABDULLAHI Mohamed "Farmaajo" 25.7%, Said ABDULLAHI DENI 21%, Hassan Ali KHAYRE 19.2%; Federal Parliament percent of vote in third round - HASSAN SHEIKH Mohamud 66%, Mohamed ABDULLAHI Mohamed "Farmaajo" 34% 2017: Mohamed ABDULLAHI Mohamed "Farmaajo" elected president in second round; Federal Parliament number of votes in first round - HASSAN SHEIKH Mohamud (PDP) 88, Mohamed ABDULLAHI Mohamed "Farmaajo" (TPP) 72, Sheikh SHARIF Sheikh Ahmed (ARS) 49, other 37; Federal Parliament number of votes in second round - Mohamed ABDULLAHI Mohamed "Farmaajo" 184, HASSAN SHEIKH Mohamud 97, Sheikh SHARIF Sheikh Ahmed 45 |
Legislative branch | |
Description | Bicameral Federal Parliament to consist of: Senate (54 seats; senators indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 4-year terms) House of the People (275 seats; members indirectly elected by electoral colleges, each consisting of 51 delegates selected by the 136 Traditional Elders in consultation with sub-clan elders; members serve 4-year terms) |
Elections | Senate - first held on 10 October 2016; last held 27 July - 13 November 2021 (next to be held in 2024) House of the People - first held 23 October - 10 November 2016 (next scheduled for September - October 2021 but postponed to November 2021 and then extended several times until April 2022; next to be held in June 2024) |
Election results | Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 40, women 14, percentage women 25.9% House of the People - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 221, women 54, percentage women 19.6%; total Federal Parliament percentage women 20.7% |
Judicial branch | |
Highest court(s) | The provisional constitution stipulates the establishment of the Constitutional Court (consists of 5 judges, including the chief judge and deputy chief judge); note - under the terms of the 2004 Transitional National Charter, a Supreme Court based in Mogadishu and the Appeal Court were established; yet most regions have reverted to local forms of conflict resolution, either secular, traditional Somali customary law, or Islamic law |
Judge selection and term of office | Judges appointed by the president upon proposal of the Judicial Service Commission, a 9-member judicial and administrative body; judge tenure NA |
Subordinate courts | Federal courts; federal member state-level courts; military courts; sharia courts |
Diplomatic representation in the US | |
Chief of mission | Ambassador DAHIR Hassan Abdi (since 18 September 2024) |
Chancery | 1609 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
Telephone | [1] (202) 853-9164 |
Email address and website | [email protected] https://somaliembassydc.net/ |
Diplomatic representation from the US | |
Chief of mission | Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Shane L. DIXON (since 25 July 2023) |
Embassy | Mogadishu, (reopened October 2019 on the grounds of the Mogadishu Airport) |
Mailing address | P.O. Box 606 Village Market 00621 Nairobi, Kenya |
Telephone | [254] 20 363-6451 |
Email address and website | [email protected] https://so.usembassy.gov/ |
Want to know more about Somalia? Check all different factbooks for Somalia below.