Gimpo Voyage Tips and guide

Gimpo (김포) is in the western part of Gyeonggi, South Korea and lower part of the Han River. As soon as the Ara Waterway in Gyeongin was completed, the area was surrounded by water. Although the area is treated as an island, the eastern part of the island and Gochon-eup are Incheon, and the northern part of the Yangchon-eup is a peninsula close to Seoul.

Gimpo sits between the Han River and the Yellow Sea (locally called West Sea). It boasts a rich history, cultural heritage, and vast plains. Today, Gimpo is characterized by a unique contrast, where the rapidly developing Hangang New Town (featuring modern landmarks like Laveniche) coexists with the traditional downtown areas and extensive agricultural plains, which famously produce the high-quality Gimpo Geumsal rice. Due to its strategic location on the Han River, the city has historically served as a vital gateway for water transportation and a key military defense point protecting the capital, Seoul. The name 'Gimpo' is said to originate from the legend of 'Tugeumpo,' where two brothers found a gold nugget in the river, and the younger brother, out of jealousy, threw it back into the water. Another theory suggests that the ancient word 'geom' means sacred land, indicating Gimpo's long-standing historical significance.

Gimpo is divided into several districts and neighborhoods, each with its own unique atmosphere and attractions.

Gimpo’s history can be traced back to ancient kingdoms, as its territory once belonged to Goguryeo and later the Silla dynasty. The region is renowned for the fertile Gimpo Plain, which has been used for rice cultivation for millennia, even providing rice to Korean royalty—archaeological evidence indicates rice was grown here over 5,000 years ago. Local legends claim Gimpo’s name comes from a gold nugget thrown into the river. Throughout Korea’s dynastic past, the Gimpo area played an important defensive role with historic sites like Deokpojin and Munsusanseong Fortress, serving as strongholds along major rivers and strategic entry routes toward Seoul.

In the 20th century, Gimpo’s transformation accelerated during the Japanese occupation with the construction of Gimpo Airfield, which later played a key role in the Korean War. After the war, Gimpo developed rapidly, highlighted by the growth around Gimpo International Airport and large-scale land development including residential districts and massive urbanization projects such as the Han River New Town. Officially promoted to city status in 1998, Gimpo has experienced continued population growth, advanced transportation infrastructure, and a vibrant coexistence of historical tradition and modern city life. Today, Gimpo offers visitors a window into Korea’s past and present, with rich heritage sites standing alongside thriving urban areas.

Gimpo features a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen: Dwa), characterized by four distinct seasons. Its location near the Yellow Sea (West Sea) influences its weather, making it slightly milder and breezier than more inland cities like Seoul and Suwon, and comparable in overall pattern to nearby Incheon.

Annual precipitation is high, with the vast majority concentrated in the summer months. The region is noticeably breezy year-round, particularly in its open and coastal areas due to the maritime influence.

Overall, Gimpo’s climate combines marine and continental influences, making it slightly milder than inland cities like Suwon, with more humidity and wind because of its closeness to the West Sea.

Summers are long, hot, muggy, and wet, with high humidity and concentrated rainfall. The monsoon season (Jangma) typically peaks during July and August, bringing the majority of the annual precipitation. Average high temperatures in these months reach 29∘C–30∘C (84∘F–86∘F). The coastal proximity contributes to high humidity, often exceeding 75% and feeling particularly heavy.

Winters are short, cold, and dry, with clear skies and occasional, but not heavy, snowfall. The coldest month is January, where average daily high temperatures are near 0 °C (32 °F) and average lows drop to around −7 °C (19 °F).

These transitional seasons offer the most pleasant weather and are generally considered the best times to visit. They are relatively mild, less rainy, and feature clear skies, with comfortable temperatures typically ranging from 10 °C (50 °F) to 22 °C (72 °F).

• 37.556944126.79751 Gimpo International Airport (김포국제공항, GMP ^IATA). Caters only to the shuttle services from Taipei-Songshan, Tokyo-Haneda Airport, Osaka-Kansai, Beijing Capital International Airport and Shanghai-Hongqiao, and domestic flights within South Korea, mostly from Jeju. (updated Sep 2025)

Gimpo International Airport (GMP) is located on the southern edge of Gimpo city, but most of its direct connections are to Seoul. To reach Gimpo city from the airport, travelers should use local city buses or taxis, as there is no direct train line into Gimpo city from the airport.

Gimpo is well-connected to Seoul and Incheon via subway and railway services, with Gimpo International Airport acting as the main transit hub.

• Gimpo Goldline (김포골드라인): This light rail system runs entirely within Gimpo, connecting major residential areas (like Gurae-dong, Janggi-dong) to the Gimpo International Airport Station (김포공항역). From Gimpo Airport Station, you can transfer to Seoul Subway Line 5 or 9 to reach central Seoul or take the AREX (Airport Railroad Express) to Incheon International Airport or Seoul Station.
• Incheon Metro Line 2: This line has connections near the southern border of Gimpo, allowing access from parts of Incheon. The Goldline connects to Incheon Metro at Geomdan Oryu Station (검단오류역).
• Travelers must use a T-money or Cashbee card (available at convenience stores or subway stations) to pay for all subway and bus fares.

Gimpo is served by an extensive network of intercity and regional buses connecting it to the Seoul Metropolitan Area.

• Gwangyeok Bus (광역버스 / Red Buses): These express buses connect Gimpo's Hangang New Town area (Gurae, Janggi) directly to major districts in Seoul without requiring a subway transfer.

• Intercity Buses (시외버스): Long-distance buses connect Gimpo to other major cities and provinces, often stopping at the Gimpo Bus Terminal (김포시외버스터미널) or key stations in the city.
• Local Buses: These buses cover routes within Gimpo City and connect to neighboring cities like Incheon and Goyang (Ilsan).

0°0′0″N 0°0′0″E

Map of Gimpo

The primary way to move between major residential and commercial districts within Gimpo is the Gimpo Goldline (김포골드라인) light rail system.

• The Goldline runs from Yangchon (양촌) Station in the west to Gimpo International Airport (김포공항역) in the east.
• It serves the dense population centers of Hangang New Town, including the popular commercial and dining areas near Janggi Station (장기역) and Gurae Station (구래역), and the canal district of Laveniche.
• Fares are integrated with the Seoul Metropolitan Subway system, and payment must be made using a T-money or Cashbee card.

Gimpo's local bus system covers areas not serviced by the Goldline, providing access to historical sites, rural areas, and coastal attractions.

• Local Routes: Look for city buses (color: Blue or Green) connecting the major Goldline stations (Gurae, Janggi) to destinations like Daemyeong Port (대명항) and the Aegibong Peace Eco Park (애기봉 평화생태공원).
• Real-Time Information: Bus arrival times can be easily tracked using smartphone apps like KakaoMap or Naver Map, which are essential for navigating the system efficiently.
• Payment: Like the subway, all local and express buses accept T-money/Cashbee cards, offering transfer discounts.

Taxis are readily available near subway stations, bus terminals, and major commercial areas (especially in Gurae-dong and Janggi-dong).

• Calling a Taxi: While you can hail one on the street, using the Kakao T (Kakao Taxi) app is highly recommended for guaranteed service and language support, as many drivers may not speak English.
• Fares: Fares start at the standard Gyeonggi-do rate. Note that fares will increase significantly after 10 PM or 11 PM for late-night service.
• Tips: Ensure you have the Korean address or destination name clearly written out for the driver if you are not using an app.

• 37.618126.68751 Jangneung Royal Tomb (김포 장릉), 79 Jangneung-ro, ☏ +82 031-984-2897. 7:00-17:30. It is a royal tomb where King Wonjong of Chujon, the parents of King Injo of the 16th King of Joseon, and his wife Queen Inheon Gu are buried. It has been designated as a Korean historical site. ₩1000 for adults. (updated Sep 2025)
• 37.6465126.66182 Gimpo International Sculpture Park (김포국제조각공원), 435-14 Gomak-ri, Wolgot-myeon, ☏ +82 31-980-2980. It is the natural art space where art works wishing for peace harmonize with recreational forests of Munsusan Mountain. Free. (updated Sep 2025)
• 37.6151126.73173 Ujeoseowon Confucian Academy (우저서원), 90, Jungbong-ro 25beon-gil, ☏ +82 31-985-9692. It is the shrine of Jo Heon who was a disciple of Yulgok Yi I. Free. (updated Sep 2025)
• 37.646552126.6962714 Gimpo Art Village (김포아트빌리지), 1325-10 Unyang-dong, ☏ +82 031-999-3995. 11:30-22:00. A family-friendly cultural space housed in Korean "hanok" traditional houses, Gimpo Art Village blends tradition and contemporary art. Visitors can tour art exhibits, participate in hands-on activities, and enjoy performances held at the village. Free. (updated Sep 2025)

• 37.643345126.6773551 Laveniche March Avenue Waterfront Park (김포 라베니체 수변공원), 6887-1 Gurae-dong. Laveniche March Avenue is a picturesque canal-side complex in Gimpo, inspired by Venetian architecture and atmosphere. The area features a scenic artificial waterway called the Golden Waterway, making it a popular spot for walks both day and night. Bridges and curved canals run alongside European-style commercial streets lined with cafes, restaurants, and boutiques. Free (Boat/Gondola rides: ₩5,000 to ₩10,000 per person). (updated Sep 2025)
• 37.640589126.5399592 Gimpo Hamsang Park (김포함상공원), 551-1 Daemyeong-ri, Daegot-myeon, ☏ +82 031-987-4097. Korea's first battleship-themed park, featuring a retired LST battleship on display. The park includes educational exhibits about naval history, interactive experiences, and is popular with families and children. Free. (updated Sep 2025)
• 37.599354126.7893343 Ara Marina (아라마리나), 774 Jeonho-ri, Gochon-eup, ☏ +82 031-999-7800. 09:00-18:00. Ara Marina is a riverside leisure complex offering yachting, water sports, and dining options. The marina hosts seasonal events and is a perfect destination for enjoying the outdoors along the Ara Waterway. Prices vary widely by activity (Boat tours, Yachting, Kayak rentals). (updated Sep 2025)

• 37.64198126.6781671 Laveniche March Avenue (라베니체), 2018-2 Janggi-dong. Laveniche March Avenue is a lively shopping street and cultural district featuring boutique stores, trendy cafes, and restaurants. Visitors can enjoy live street performances, public art, and seasonal festivals. It’s a great place for shopping, dining, and soaking up the local atmosphere. (updated Sep 2025)
• 37.599415126.7857372 Hyundai Premium Outlet Gimpo (현대프리미엄아울렛 김포점), 654 Jeonho-ri, Gochon-eup, ☏ +82 031-812-2233. 10:30-21:00. A premier shopping destination near Gimpo International Airport offering over 230 high-end brand stores. Shoppers can find discounted fashion, footwear, and accessories in a stylish environment. The outlet also hosts seasonal sales and cultural performances. (updated Sep 2025)
• 37.563367126.8030953 Gimpo Lotte Mall (롯데몰 김포공항점), 882-1 Banghwa-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, ☏ +82 02-6116-4000. 10:30-22:00. A large lifestyle shopping complex with numerous retail shops, restaurants, a cinema, and entertainment facilities. Connected conveniently to the airport by an underground passage, it offers a wide range of Korean and international products with a modern shopping experience. (updated Sep 2025)
• 37.627958126.7113614 Gimpo Market (Held on days ending in 2 and 7) (김포장), 273-2 Bukbyeon-dong, ☏ +82 031-980-2271. Held on the 2nd, 7th, 12th, 17th, 22nd, and 27th of each month (08:00-18:30). The largest traditional five-day market (오일장) in Gimpo, held on the 2nd, 7th, 12th, 17th, 22nd, and 27th of each month. The market is set in the Bukbyeon public parking lot and offers a wide variety of goods at very affordable prices, including fresh fruit, vegetables, meat, seafood, clothing, bedding, household items, and various other products. Visitors can enjoy sampling local foods such as hot noodle soup and savory Korean pancakes, making it a lively cultural and shopping destination. (updated Sep 2025)

• 37.669811126.6806951 Deungchon Kalguksu (등촌샤브칼국수), 40-1, Gurae-dong, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, ☏ +82 31-987-9993. Daily 11:00-21:30. Famous for its spicy Mushroom Shabu-Shabu Kalguksu (knife-cut noodles). The set meal includes vegetables, meat, noodles, and fried rice (볶음밥) to finish, offering great value. Shabu-shabu kalguksu is priced around ₩10,000 to ₩13,000 per person. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.653495126.7027582 Choigane Hanjeongsik (최가네 한정식), 33-14, Haeseong-ro, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do (Near Janggi Station. A traditional Korean restaurant.), ☏ +82 31-983-0008. A popular spot for Hanjeongsik (Korean set course meal). It serves a variety of seasonal side dishes and traditional food using fresh, local ingredients, ideal for groups or formal dining. Full traditional Korean set menus (Hanjeongsik) start from around ₩30,000 per person up to higher-end course options. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.641522126.6577813 Pyeongchang Makguksu (평창 막국수), 1097, Geomdan-ro, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do (Located in the Geomdan area of Gimpo.), ☏ +82 31-988-5182. Specialized in Makguksu (buckwheat noodles) and Suyuk (boiled pork slices). The simple, clean taste of the broth and chewy noodles makes it a local favorite during summer. Main dishes like makguksu (buckwheat noodles) are generally ₩10,000 to ₩12,000. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.718043126.6349174 Gimpo Bori-gukbap (김포 보리밥), 1025-1, Wolgot-myeon, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do (Near the Wolgot area.), ☏ +82 31-988-7557. Serves hearty Bori-gukbap (barley rice soup) and bibimbap with fresh vegetables. Known for its generous portions and healthy, rustic Korean flavor. Boribap (barley rice) and similar traditional meals are generally ₩9,000 to ₩10,000. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.67135126.6661445 Minsok Chueotang (민속 추어탕), 322-1, Masong-ro, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do (Easily accessible by car near the Masong IC.). A well-regarded spot for Chueotang (loach soup), a nutritious and warming Korean dish. The soup is rich and deeply flavored, perfect for cold weather. Chueotang (loach soup) costs ₩11,000 to ₩13,000 per serving. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.625624126.5412586 Daege-Jang (대게장), 59, Daemyeonghang-ro, Daegot-myeon, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do (Located right next to Daemyeong Port (대명항).), ☏ +82 31-987-9990. As it is right near the port, this restaurant specializes in extremely fresh snow crab (대게) and other seafood dishes. Guests can select their crab directly from the tank. Signature dishes like Ganjang Gejang (soy-marinated crab) set menus start around ₩30,000 to ₩40,000 per person. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.70241126.6860017 Gimpo-guksu (Local Noodle Shop) (김포국수), 35, Gimpo-daero 1500beon-gil, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do. Daily 10:00-20:00 (Check for seasonal closures). A simple, popular spot for inexpensive and delicious Janchi-guksu (feast noodles) and Bibim-guksu (spicy mixed noodles). It's a true local's lunch favorite. Noodle dishes (Guksu) are very affordable, ranging from ₩7,000 to ₩9,000. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.701123126.6905558 Silla Samgyetang (신라 삼계탕), 38, Bukbyeonjung-ro, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do (Located in the center of Bukbyeon-dong.), ☏ +82 31-985-1110. Known for its high-quality Samgyetang (ginseng chicken soup). A rich and healthy meal, perfect for boosting energy during hot summer days or cold winters. A serving of samgyetang (ginseng chicken soup) is typically ₩17,000 to ₩20,000. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.643351126.5458029 Seohae Oyster & Clam Steamer (서해 굴찜조개찜), 12, Wolgot-ro, Daegot-myeon, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do (Near Daemyeong Port, a short distance from the fish market.), ☏ +82 31-984-0001. Daily 11:00-23:00. Highly recommended for its fresh steamed clams and oysters (조개찜/굴찜), sourced directly from the nearby West Sea. A perfect place to enjoy authentic Korean seafood with soju. Steamer sets start at ₩40,000. (updated Oct 2025)

• 37.642615126.5456571 Susan Park Cafe (수산공원), 52, Daemyeonghang 1-ro, Daegot-myeon, ☏ +82 031-985-6672. 10:00-21:00. An unique ocean-themed café near Gimpo Airport features boat-shaped seating, a large whale screen, and even a rooftop sushi bar. It’s a must-visit spot for its creative interior and signature drinks. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.623869126.6146982 Little Paulo (리틀파울로), 88, Yuhyeonsaksi-ro 120beon-gil, Yangchon-eup, ☏ +82 070-4299-0088. 10:00-20:00. A European-style bakery café in Yangchon-eup known for its delicious salt bread and coffee. The spacious interior and pet-friendly atmosphere make it popular among both locals and visitors. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.692072126.5777623 Cafe de Chelsea (카페드첼시), 107-20, Gimpo-daero 2435beon-gil, Tongjin-eup, ☏ +82 031-988-4139. 10:00-21:00. Famous for its large garden with a Christmas atmosphere, this café is perfect for relaxing with seasonal drinks and beautiful photo spots. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.665172126.6290384 Forerium Gallery Café (포레리움), 134-60, Yanggok 2-ro, Yangchon-eup, ☏ +82 0507-1362-3102. 10:00-21:00. Combining a café and art gallery, Forerium offers a calm ambiance with coffee, bakery items, and a kids’ area, making it ideal for families and art lovers alike. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.643024126.624165 Dartflex Gimpo Hangang (다트플렉스 김포한강점), 398, Gimpohangang 8-ro, ☏ +82 031-985-1135. 17:00-1:00. Korea’s No.1 darts pub offers a trendy atmosphere with a wide selection of drinks, games, and pizzas—a favorite for groups and nightlife seekers. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.645034126.624956 GLENLUNAR (글렌루나), 190, Gimpohangang 9-ro 75beon-gil, ☏ +82 031-996-2666. 19:00-12:00. A popular whisky bar located near Gurrae Station in Gimpo's bustling Gurrae-dong area. Operated by a well-known YouTuber, this malt bar offers a wide selection of whiskies and custom cocktails in a cozy yet lively atmosphere. It’s a must-visit spot for whisky lovers looking to explore unique flavors and expert recommendations. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.640842126.6786647 From Hawaii (프롬하와이 김포라베니체점), 8, Gimpohangang 4-ro, ☏ +82 031-998-3132. 17:00-23:40. A very popular Hawaiian-themed restaurant and pub located right on the canal. It's well-known for its colorful, tropical cocktails (like mojitos and piña coladas), craft beers, and Hawaiian-style dishes (such as garlic shrimp and poke bowls). The interior is heavily decorated to feel like a beach vacation, making it a popular spot for photos and enjoying the canal view, especially when the waterway is lit up at night. (updated Oct 2025)

• 37.601183126.7858921 Ramada Encore by Wyndham Gimpo Han River Hotel (라마다앙코르 바이윈덤 김포한강호텔), 169, Arayuk-ro 152beon-gil, Gochon-eup, ☏ +82 02-582-0700. Check-in: 15:00, check-out: 12:00. A modern hotel near Gimpo International Airport offering comfortable rooms with free Wi-Fi, a fitness center, and an on-site restaurant. Ideal for business travelers and short stays. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.600289126.7927832 Hotel Marinabay Seoul Ara (호텔 마리나베이 서울), 210-50, Arayuk-ro 152beon-gil, Gochon-eup, ☏ +82 02-1577-8118. Check-in: 15:00, check-out: 11:00. Situated close to Gimpo city center, this hotel features stylish rooms, a garden, free parking, and a restaurant. Guests appreciate the quiet environment and easy access to transportation. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.640274126.684673 Gimpo Stavia (스타비아 호텔), 147, Taejang-ro 795beon-gil, ☏ +82 031-5186-0500. Check-in: 14:00, check-out: 12:00. A contemporary 3-star hotel providing spacious rooms with terraces, free private parking, and 24-hour front desk service. Conveniently located for travelers visiting Gimpo. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.602669126.7692114 Hotel L'art Gimpo (호텔 라르 김포), 5-9, Jangcha-ro 5beon-gil, Gochon-eup, ☏ +82 0319821322. Check-in: 14:00, check-out: 12:00. Located near the Hyundai Premium Outlet, this hotel offers fitness facilities and complimentary Wi-Fi. It is suitable for shoppers and those who want to explore nearby attractions. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.643816126.6220835 JK Hotel Gimpo (JK 호텔), 100, Gimpohangang 9-ro 75beon-gil. Check-in: 15:00. Featuring air-conditioned rooms and private bathrooms, JK Hotel is known for its excellent location and city views. Offers amenities like hot tubs and serves both business and leisure travelers. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.563761126.8024946 Lotte City Hotel Gimpo Airport (롯데시티호텔 김포공항), 38, Haneul-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, ☏ +82 02-6116-1000. Check-in: 15:00, check-out: 12:00. A resort-style hotel with luxurious suites, including premier rooms with separate living areas and modern amenities. Connected to Gimpo Airport, it’s perfect for travelers wanting premium convenience. (updated Oct 2025)

In South Korea, the word for a boarding house where three meals a day are provided along with your room is "pension". There are 1,635 pensions around Incheon according to a 'Naver page', including the following:

• 37.730379126.5489147 Gimpo Munsusan Tourist Farm Pension (김포 문수산 농원 펜션), 125, Gimpodaehak-ro, Wolgot-myeon, ☏ +82 010-6880-6943. Check-in: 15:00. A peaceful pension nestled at the foot of Munsusan Mountain, offering a retreat in nature. Visitors enjoy fresh air, spacious rooms, and easy access to hiking trails and local flora. (updated Oct 2025)
• 37.709241126.5587598 Sangchunjae Hanok Pension (김포 상춘재), 308, Gunha-ro, Wolgot-myeon, ☏ +82 010-3347-7676. Check-in: 15:00. A traditional Korean-style pension built in 2024 in Tongjin-eup, Gimpo. It features hanok architecture, cozy rooms, and a serene environment perfect for experiencing Korean culture in a quiet setting. (updated Oct 2025)

• Public Wi-Fi: Free public Wi-Fi (Gimpo-Free-WiFi or PublicWiFi@Gyeonggi) is available in many public spaces, including bus stops, parks (like Lake Park in Hangang New Town), and community centers. Look for the Wi-Fi symbol.
• Cafes and Restaurants: Most cafes in Gimpo (especially chains like Starbucks, as well as local independent cafes in Gurae-dong or Janggi-dong) offer free Wi-Fi for customers. You can usually find the password on your receipt or posted near the counter.
• Gimpo International Airport: Free Wi-Fi is available throughout the domestic and international terminals.

• Convenience Stores: You can purchase prepaid SIM cards (prepaid USIM) at major convenience stores (CU, GS25, 7-Eleven) located throughout the city, including near major subway stations (like Gurae or Gimpo International Airport). These often require you to present your passport for activation.
• Gimpo Airport: Upon arrival at the international terminal (or domestic if transferring), there are carrier booths (KT, SKT, LG U+) and kiosks selling SIM cards specifically for travelers, offering various data plans.
• Mobile Phone Shops: While more common for long-term contracts, official carrier stores (대리점) in busy areas (like Gurae-dong commercial district) can also assist with prepaid SIMs, though staff may have limited English.

• Gimpo Post Office (김포우체국): The central post office [Address: 김포시 북변중로 23] handles domestic and international mail and parcel services (EMS).
• You can also find smaller post offices in various neighborhoods (-dong)z. Standard red mailboxes for letters can be found on street corners, though they are less common now.

• Seoul — The vibrant capital of South Korea, offering endless sightseeing, shopping, and dining. It's the most common next destination from Gimpo.
• Incheon — Korea's third-largest city, home to the massive Incheon International Airport, a historic Chinatown, and the revitalized Songdo district.
• Paju — A city bordering North Korea, famous for the DMZ (Demilitarized Zone), the artistic Heyri Art Valley, and large outlet shopping malls.
• Goyang (Ilsan) — A large planned city known for its massive Lake Park (호수공원), the KINTEX convention center, and modern shopping areas.