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Khiamniungan Naga phrasebook Voyage Tips and guide

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    Although it's impossible to learn every language, getting to know some important phrases from about a dozen will take you most places in the world.
      Patsho speaking region
      Other Nagas tribal languages

    Patsho Khiamniungan or colloquially Patsho Nyu is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Khiamniungans in North Eastern parts of India in the state of Nagaland, Noklak district. It also refers to the people living in the district mostly inhibiting the western part, that of Patsho range, southern part i.e. Thuonoknyu administrative circle and sparingly all over Noklak. Above all, it is a village with one of the highest number of Population in the region. Sometimes, it refers to Patsho speaking group of people who are native to and belong to Patsho Village. The language is widely known who are native to Noklak district and parts of Myanmar.

    Grammar

    [edit]

    Patsho Khiamniungan word order is subject-object-verb: "I-subject him-object see-verb." Subjects (especially I and you) are often omitted if these are clear from the context.

    Patsho has postpositions instead of prepositions: like hui khem or jam khem, "bridge below" or "house below" respectively instead of "below the house."

    Patsho people or Khiamniungans refer to each other rather in terms like elder brother, elder sister, younger sibling, uncle, aunt, grandmother, grandfather, manager, teacher etc. than by using the straight word like you even if this person is actually not. The other common words used daily are the words "pie" for the male and "wu-ai" for female is such a humble and polite reference to someone either close or strangers, especially among younger people. Those two completed word form would be "pienie" and "wuynie". Additionally, it's not uncommon to refer to yourself by using such an expression ( example: "[I] Father will cook you a nice dinner." Which feels like saying "This or myself father will...").

    To keep in mind that the word for older brother is simply "tei" or "teihai", while the word for older sister is "nou" or "nouhai". The word for the younger ones is simply neu or neuhai for both male or female.

    Pronunciation guide

    [edit]

    Vowels

    [edit]

    There are six vowels in Patsho

    Consonant

    [edit]
    Patsho Khiamniungan vowels
    Small letters a e i o u ü
    a
    like 'a' in 'father',

    (IPA: a, a̯)

    e
    like 'e' in 'bed'

    (IPA: e, ɛ, ɛ̯)

    i
    like 'ee' in 'beet'

    (IPA: i, i̯)

    o
    like 'o' in 'orange' or 'author'

    (IPA: o, o̯)

    u
    like 'oo' in 'hoop', 'look' in open positions or like 'o' in 'hope' in close positions, such as in final 'uh' and 'uk' combinations.

    (IPA: u, ʊ, u̯)

    ü
    like in 'banana'.

    (IPA: ə, ɜ̯)

    Consonant

    [edit]
    Patsho Khiamniungan consonant
    Small letters ch h j k kh l m n ng ny p ph s sh t th ts tsh v w y

    There are 21 consonants, which are all pronounce with the letter vowel ü like the sound found in the word 'banana'(IPA: bəˈnɑː.nə) . So, to exemplify, the letter ch or h should be pronounced chü, or hü respectively.

    Written language

    [edit]

    Patsho Khiamniungan is written in Latin script with twenty seven letters. Some letters are combined to form a letter, for example t, s, and h are different and separate., but there is tsh as one letter, found in (among others) the word Patsho. Another example could be kh and ng both found in the word Khiamniungan.

    Patsho Khiamniungan Alphabet
    Capital letters a ch e h i j k kh l m n ng ny o p ph s sh t th ts tsh u ü v w y
    IPA a a̯ tʃʰ e ɛ ɛ̯ h i i̯ tʃ k kʰ l m n ŋ ɲ o o̯ p pʰ ʃ ʃʰ t tʰ ts tsʰ u ʊ u̯ ə ɜ̯ v w j

    Phrase list

    [edit]
    Common signs
    OPEN
    (shūap or āshùap)
    CLOSED
    (kīap or ākīap)
    ENTRANCE
    (khōukhā)
    EXIT
    (āshūi)
    PUSH
    (thòi or àthōi)
    PULL
    (tâ or ātâ)
    TOILET
    (shīnyìhjàm/khūamjám)
    MEN
    (mīelòu hōi)
    WOMEN
    (mīenyù hōi)
    FORBIDDEN
    (kīapvàih or kīaptèu)


    hǖhêi(huhei)(IPA: /hə³³.hɛ̯i⁵²/).
    Hello.

    Used at the initial phone calls or during meeting or visit someone.

    Shâu-òh nyîvâ kǜ jǖnòi*(IPA: /ʃɑu⁵²-ɒʔ³¹.ɲɪ⁵²vɑ⁵². kə³¹.tʃə³³nɒɪ³¹/)

    who knows.

    A rhetorical statement uttered to show that the person uttering it neither knows the answer nor knows who might. Nong tikü naih tsak nü-e, tikü naih memtsho. Shâu-òh nyîvâ kǜ jǖnòi It could be one or the other, or both. Who knows

    Local terms. 

    Basic vocabulary
    Patsho Khiamniungan English Sentence Patsho Khiamniungan English
    Thēumêi Thank You Theumei, nyo-oh ei tah pautsang kiuh jünü theutho. Thank you for taking care of me.
    Āmêi hǜnī? How are you?
    Āmêi. I am fine.
    Khìam Water Jujie liang kü Khiam nü thingkeuh tsak asheu kiuh. Please bring a cup of water
    Tshīh (cooked) rice Tshih hielouh va mou Have you eaten lunch/dinner(meal)
    Ngòuh (nyèih) fish (meat)
    Vèu (nyìeh) chicken (meat) Jüsa toh Veu nyieh kie hie nye. We have eaten chicken curry.
    Yōh (nyèih) pork (meat)
    Jâng (nyèih) beef (meat)
    Ūo (nyìeh) mutton (meat)
    Kīe (nyieh-kie sang o) dish (meat/vegetable)
    Sāng-ô (kie sang-o) vegetable
    Nāgā chǖ-ùm lentils
    Tsēm salt
    Lūtsôutsòh (Chauchau ko) less
    Pǖ-ìuh chilli
    Shûa Distribute Jūjīelīankó āshūa kìuhshì Please give again (serve again).
    Têitsòh enough, stop, completed Teitsoh, nyü chishi ko Let's stop working
    Khìam nü āshêu kìuh. Please give water.
    kìuh give or serve Tsīh nü ākhém kíuh. Please give food (rice).
    Jūjīelīangkó kîemāu nǖhéikǖ ākīuh. vegetable / meat.
    ātéi yèuh jē? What do you want?
    ātéi? What?
    Āvàih? Ātéi nāih-òh? When?
    Ātéi lé? Where?
    Ātéi ālì? How?
    Āshēu āmēi. Good Night.
    āléuh where(how) Shīemông lè āléuh phù jè? How(from where) do I go to Shiemong?
    ātēitsòh? how much? Nòngnī ātēitsòh mâi nò? What's(how much) the price of this?
    mêi good or happy Mêikǖ lǜ-īu. Happy journey.
    mônglīng happy mônglīngkǖ lǖnôi.. Stay happy.


    Numbers

    [edit]
    Counting words

    When counting objects, words use in Patsho are simply spoken by adding the numerals. For example, "two beers" is thing ming-lümieh, where lümieh is "two" and ming means "bottle". But when asking for single item, adding the word "pioho" (which means alone, only), sounds accurate. For example, "Thing ming-tsak pioho" equivalent "one beer only".

    Counting things or people.

    āníe (IPA: /a³³niɛ̯⁵⁵/)
    used to refer to addressees whom are two in number. It is a pronoun, second person plural in absolutive case.
    āshèuh or sheuh (IPA: /a³³ʃɛʊʔ³¹/)
    which means them, third person plural in absolutive case.
    āsǖ (IPA: /a³³sə³³/)
    meaning, you or you all. It is second person plural in absolutive case, used to refer to addressees whom are more than two in number. (applicable only to person not things)
    tsî (IPA: /tsi⁵²/)
    which means we, first person dual in ergative case; referring to speakers; the objective case of we. (applicable only to person not things)
    hói (IPA: /hoi̯⁵⁵/)
    refers to group of people. Also modified the sentences into plural by just adding after noun. For example, "Khunou hoi", literally Khunou's group.
    hái (IPA: /hai̯⁵⁵/)
    It is an agentive nominaliser that is Verb. It derives agentive nouns from verbs and other nouns, that expresses singular as well as plural number.
    Numerals Hauvi Tone(Shangliak) IPA
    0 wa wà wa³¹
    1 tsak tsāk tsak³³
    2 lümih lǖmīeh lə³³ mɪʔ³³
    3 sümieh sǖmīeh sə³³ mɪəʔ³³
    4 pülie pǖlīe pə³³ lɪə³³
    5 müngou mǖngōu mə³³.ŋɒu³³
    6 lüvok lǖvòk lə³³.vɒk³³
    7 tshünyieh tshūnyìeh tsʰə³³.ɲɪɛʔ³³
    8 püjeih pǖjèih pə³³ tʃɛʔ³³
    9 lükau lǖkàu lə³³ kɒu³³
    10 tshie tshìe tsʰɪɛ³³
    20 khei khèi kʰɛɪ³¹
    30 ausam āusám ɑu³³sɑm⁵⁵
    40 aupülie àupǜlīe au̯³¹pə³¹liɛ̯³³
    50 aumüngou àumǜngōu au̯³¹məŋ³¹ou̯³³
    60 aulüvok àulǜvòk au̯³¹lə³¹vok³²
    70 autshienyieh àutshǜnyìeh au̯³¹tsʰə³¹ɲiɛ̯ʔ³²
    80 aupüjeh àupǜjèih au̯³¹pə³¹tʃɛi̯ʔ³²
    90 aulükau àulǜkàu au̯³¹lə³¹lau̯³¹
    100 tsum tsak tsūm tsāk tsum³³.tsak³³
    200 tsum lümieh tsūm lǖmīeh tsum³³.lə³³ mɪʔ³³
    300 tsum sümieh tsūm sǖmīeh tsum³³.sə³³ mɪəʔ³³
    400 tsum pülie tsūm pǖlīe tsum³³.pə³³.lɪə³³
    500 tsum müngou tsūm mǖngōu tsum³³.mə³³.ŋɒu³³
    600 tsum lüvok tsūm lǖvòk tsum³³.lə³³.vɒk³³
    700 tsum tshünyieh tsūm tshūnyìeh tsum³³.tsʰə³³.ɲɪɛʔ³³
    800 tsum püjeih tsūm pǖjèih tsum³³. pə³³.tʃɛʔ³³
    900 tsum lükau tsūm lǖkàu tsum³³.lə³³.kɒu³³
    1000 ka tsak ká tsāk ka⁵⁵.tsak³³
    10,000 ka tshie ká tshīe ka⁵⁵.tsʰɪɛ³³
    100,000 tsang tsak Tsāng tsāk tsaŋ³³.tsak³³
    10000000 pei tsak péi tsāk pei⁵⁵.tsak³³
    1000000000 iuh tsak ìuh tsāk iu³¹ʔ.tsak³³
    100000000000 em tsak ēm tsāk em³³.tsak³³

    Problems

    [edit]
    Leave me alone.
    Ei nyie kü ateuva te.
    Don't touch me.
    Ei tü nyü tha.
    I'll call the police.
    Süpai hai tah thie e ngo-oh.
    Stop! Thief!
    Alau! Kauh hai!
    I need your help.
    Ngo-oh nyoh no aholouh pou nye.
    It's an emergency.
    Nongni atingting/(lutsüh liu kü pou nye)
    I'm lost.
    Ei püliah vaih.
    I lost my bag.
    Jünükong ui vaih.
    I lost my wallet.
    Jüchainükongtshou ui vaih.
    I'm sick.
    Ei pem jüpou tho.
    I need a doctor.
    Ngo-oh muoli-ie nü pou nye.
    Can I use your phone?
    Anyuthi tiam aliai ho?

    Duration

    [edit]
    _____ day(s)
    Nyihtsoh - One day : Nünyih - Two days : Samnyih - Three days : Pülienyih - four days: Müngounyih - Five days : Lüvoknyih - 6 days : Tshünyihnyih - 7 days :
    _____ week(s)
    ōnōujîe _____
    _____ month(s)
    ālèih _____
    _____ year(s)
    pūo _____

    Days

    [edit]
    today
    lōunyīh
    yesterday
    mǖnyìh
    tomorrow
    húmshêu
    this week
    nòng ōnōujîe nī
    last week
    ālīevānō ōnōujîe
    next week
    āshīànò ōnōujîe
    Sunday
    ônōu
    Monday
    ōnōuthōng
    Tuesday
    nǖnyīh
    Wednesday
    sāmnyīh
    Thursday
    pǖlīenyīh
    Friday
    mǖngōunyīh
    Saturday
    lǖvòknyìh

    Months

    [edit]
    Gregorian calendar
    [edit]

    The people of Khiamniungan use the Gregorian calendar in everyday life.

    January
    khāutsāuhsîe
    February
    Pǖphìe
    March
    Mîu
    April
    Lūaplō
    May
    Lîe
    June
    Pīekānyú
    July
    Pêiâm
    August
    Pâisǜkhìam
    September
    Tsōukūm
    October
    Ūvā
    November
    pêulīam
    December
    Ālèih-òu

    Colors

    [edit]
    black
    ānyōh
    white
    āthēu
    gray
    āpōithèu
    red
    āsīng
    blue
    ātháng
    yellow
    āsúo
    green
    āsāngnyô
    orange
    sīngsīng
    purple
    shûakhōulōng
    brown
    īesíngjî

    Directions

    [edit]
    How do I get to _____ ?
    Ei _____ le aleuh alithih kü iu-e?
    ...the train station?
    Jamleunyu lauthang ... ?
    ...the bus station?
    Jamkei lauthang ... ?
    ...the airport?
    ājeìkàmthàng ... ?
    ...downtown?
    Nokvem ... ?
    ...the _____ hotel?
    shāsáujâm nü ..._____ ?
    ...restaurants?
    āthínglóuhjàm ...?
    ...sites to see?
    Athaphie ashailu ...?
    street
    shūokhīng/līam
    Turn left.
    Jāléh lǖkhù
    Turn right.
    òuléh lǖkhù
    left
    jāh
    right
    òu
    straight ahead
    Nongchie ko
    towards the _____
    _____ tongle
    before the _____
    _____ kho leh
    in front of the _____
    _____-kho ko
    behind the _____
    _____Phi ko
    intersection
    Laim viangthah/ Laimjong
    inside
    āmōnglè
    outside
    khīngjāilē
    north
    shîngngâ
    south
    shîngmùi
    east
    ōtsīpík
    west
    ōtsīnáp

    Lodging

    [edit]
    Do you have any rooms available?
    Jampai aking kishi mou?
    How much is a room for one person/two people?
    Jampai tsak kü amai nü ateitsoh shau jüno?
    Does the room come with...
    Jampai nüko atei shüshong teukiuh jüno?
    ...bedsheets?
    Thamshim....?
    ...a bathroom?
    Khiampingjam....?
    ...a telephone?
    Nyuthie....?
    May I see the room first?
    Ngo-oh jampai tü chong thaplu-a sheu mou?
    ...bigger?
    Shongko.....?
    ...cheaper?
    Amai nyapko ...?
    OK, I'll take it.
    Nou, ei noi-e.
    I will stay for _____ night(s)
    Ei _____ noi e.
    Can you suggest another hotel?
    Amou shāsáujâm a-aluh lu?
    What time is breakfast?
    Ahum āhūmthāisām atau ayeitsoh naih-oh je?
    Please clean my room.
    Jüjampai asahva/asiuhva kiuh
    Can you wake me at _____?

    Ei ahum _____ naih-oh ajuachuh.

    I want to check out.
    Ei shuiva e.

    Eating

    [edit]
    A table for one person/two people, please.
    Tsimnoi tsak kheunyoh lümieh sümieh tsü theutho akingkiuh jujielianko.
    Can I look at the menu, please?
    Ahieshiu ateishüshong kiuh jükho tü thap e.
    Can I look in the kitchen?
    Ngo-oh ālìamthīngjám nütah taplu a sheu e mou?
    I don't eat pork.
    Ngo-oh yonyieh jühie je.
    I don't eat beef.
    Ngo-oh jangnyieh jühie je.
    lunch
    mīngtshòushīu
    tea (meal)
    pâishòh
    chicken
    vèunyèih
    beef
    jângnyèih
    fish
    ngōuhnyèih
    (fresh) vegetables
    sāngô
    rice
    tshìh
    May I have a cup of _____?
    Ngo-oh _____ no thingkheuh tsak shiu a sheu-e mou?
    May I have a bottle of _____?
    Ngo-oh _____ no ming tsak shiu a sheu-e mou?
    juice
    shēpkhìam
    salt
    tsēm
    I'm finished.
    Ei hie khem vaih
    Please clear the plates.
    Chiu nüsheuh akamteu louh va.

    Shopping

    [edit]
    Do you have this in my size?
    Nongni ei tah tho kü ki mou?
    How much is this?
    Nongni eteitsüh mai?
    That's too expensive.
    Nong tü pio thieh
    Would you take _____?
    _____ louh a shiu e mou?
    expensive
    pio
    cheap
    nyap
    I can't afford it.
    piothieh, tulouh a jüshiu e
    I don't want it.
    Ngo-oh nong tü jüyeuh
    You're cheating me.
    Nyoh ei tah kausai je
    I'm not interested.
    jümongtshiu.
    OK, I'll take it.
    Nou, ngo-oh louh e.
    Can I have a bag?
    Nükong louh e
    Do you ship (overseas)?
    Amou le kiuh thiu a shiu mou?
    I need...
    .... pouje/liamje
    ...toothpaste.
    Houtsauh muoli
    ...soap.
    tsōuvêi
    ...medicine
    mūolī
    ...an umbrella.
    kēih
    ...sunblock lotion.
    otsisheu jum
    ...batteries.
    tsūatshìh
    ...writing paper.
    chām
    ...a pen.
    chāmshàhkìe
    ...English-language books.
    atheunyu cham
    ...an English-language newspaper.
    atheunyu nyūngēmchàm
    ...an English-English dictionary.
    atheunyu nyūtàngchàm

    Driving

    [edit]
    I want to rent a car.
    Kouhjam lailouh e tü yeuhnye.
    stop (on a street sign)
    Alau
    one way
    laimkei tsak
    no parking
    Kouhjam jüteu
    gas (petrol) station
    iekhiam
    petrol
    iekhaim
    diesel
    iekhiam

    Technology

    [edit]
    mobile phone
    nyūthī/nyū-āuthī
    battery
    tsūatshìh
    electric cable
    tsûa-àu
    screen
    shēukhō

    Clothes

    [edit]

    clothe(s)

    nìesìe
    shirt
    nǖhóng
    hokjong
    hōkjōng
    shoe
    hōkpàm
    footwear
    hōkphūp

    Authority

    [edit]
    I haven't done anything wrong.
    Ngo-oh atei jüphiu
    It was a misunderstanding.
    Jüihloiekü khah
    Where are you taking me?
    Nyo-oh ei atei le nyo lükhuava jüno?
    Am I under arrest?
    Ei kielouh va tüta
    I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen.
    Ei American/Australian/British/Canadian paupong. :
    I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate.
    Ei American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate kü thieti e tü yeuh nye.
    I want to talk to a lawyer.
    Ei nyukhemkhajünü kou thieti e tü yeuh nye.
    Can I just pay a fine now?
    Ngo-oh chai thamva a shiu e mou?
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