Estonia - Economy
How is the economy of Estonia? Based on the information we have, Estonia has a advanced, service-based EU and eurozone economy; economic downturn due to inflation, trade, and energy impacts of Ukraine war; decline in intra-EU trade; low public debt relative to EU members; recovery depends on improving private investment and productivity rates. Key agricultural products in this country include: wheat, milk, barley, rapeseed, oats, peas, potatoes, rye, pork, beans (2022).
More about the economy of Estonia
| Labor force | 752,000 (2023 est.) |
|---|---|
| Industrial production growth rate | -9.7% (2023 est.) |
| Industries | food, engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textiles; information technology, telecommunications |
| Population below poverty line | 22.5% (2022 est.) |
| Taxes and other revenues | 21.01% (of GDP) (2022 est.) |
| Fiscal year | |
| Exchange rates | |
| Currency | euros (EUR) per US dollar - |
| Exchange rates 2023 | 0.925 (2023 est.) |
| Exchange rates 2022 | 0.95 (2022 est.) |
| Exchange rates 2021 | 0.845 (2021 est.) |
| Exchange rates 2020 | 0.876 (2020 est.) |
| Exchange rates 2019 | 0.893 (2019 est.) |
| Debt - external | |
| Debt - external 2019 | $23.944 billion (2019 est.) |
| Debt - external 2018 | $23.607 billion (2018 est.) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023 | $2.593 billion (2023 est.) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022 | $2.217 billion (2022 est.) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021 | $2.371 billion (2021 est.) |
| Current account balance | |
| Current account balance 2023 | -$848.528 million (2023 est.) |
| Current account balance 2022 | -$1.231 billion (2022 est.) |
| Current account balance 2021 | -$1.002 billion (2021 est.) |
| Public debt | |
| Public debt 2022 | 25.2% of GDP (2022 est.) |
| Budget | |
| Revenues | $12.282 billion (2019 est.) |
| Expenditures | $12.269 billion (2019 est.) |
| Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) | |
| Remittances | |
| Remittances 2023 | 1.2% of GDP (2023 est.) |
| Remittances 2022 | 1.24% of GDP (2022 est.) |
| Remittances 2021 | 1.6% of GDP (2021 est.) |
| Household income | |
| Lowest 10% | 3.1% (2021 est.) |
| Highest 10% | 24.3% (2021 est.) |
| Average household expenditures | |
| On food | 20.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.) |
| On alcohol and tobacco | 7.8% of household expenditures (2021 est.) |
| Imports | |
| Imports 2023 | $31.701 billion (2023 est.) |
| Imports 2022 | $32.671 billion (2022 est.) |
| Imports 2021 | $29.937 billion (2021 est.) |
| Imports (partners) | Finland 13%, Germany 10%, Lithuania 8%, Latvia 8%, Russia 8% (2022) |
| Comodities Imports force | refined petroleum, cars, electricity, natural gas, coal tar oil (2022) |
| Exports | |
| Imports 2023 | $31.701 billion (2023 est.) |
| Imports 2022 | $32.671 billion (2022 est.) |
| Imports 2021 | $29.937 billion (2021 est.) |
| Exports (partners) | Finland 13%, Latvia 12%, Sweden 8%, Lithuania 7%, Russia 6% (2022) |
| Comodities Exports force | electricity, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum, wood, coal tar oil (2022) |
| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) | |
| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023 | $57.377 billion (2023 est.) |
| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022 | $59.155 billion (2022 est.) |
| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021 | $59.429 billion (2021 est.) |
| GDP (official exchange rate) | $40.745 billion (2023 est.) |
| Real GDP Per capita | |
| Real GDP per capita 2023 | $42,000 (2023 est.) |
| Real GDP per capita 2022 | $43,900 (2022 est.) |
| Real GDP per capita 2021 | $44,700 (2021 est.) |
| GDP - composition, by sector of origin | |
| Agriculture | 2.8% (2017 est.) |
| Industry | 29.2% (2017 est.) |
| Services | 68.1% (2017 est.) |
| GDP - composition, by end use | |
| Household consumption | 50.3% (2017 est.) |
| Government consumption | 20.4% (2017 est.) |
| Investment in fixed capital | 24% (2017 est.) |
| Investment in inventories | 2.2% (2017 est.) |
| Exports of goods and services | 77.2% (2017 est.) |
| Imports of goods and services | -74% (2017 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | |
| Unemployment rate 2023 | 6.35% (2023 est.) |
| Unemployment rate 2022 | 5.57% (2022 est.) |
| Unemployment rate 2021 | 6.18% (2021 est.) |
| Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) | |
| Total | 17.1% (2023 est.) |
| Male | 18.2% (2023 est.) |
| Female | 16% (2023 est.) |
All Important Facts about Estonia
Want to know more about Estonia? Check all different factbooks for Estonia below.
