Kazakhstan - Economy
How is the economy of Kazakhstan? Based on the information we have, Kazakhstan has a oil and gas giant, with growing international investment; domestic economy hit hard by COVID-19 disruptions; reforming civil society and improving business confidence; legacy state controls and Russian influence inhibit growth and autonomy. Key agricultural products in this country include: wheat, milk, potatoes, barley, watermelons, sunflower seeds, cantaloupes/melons, onions, maize, linseed (2022).
More about the economy of Kazakhstan
| Labor force | 9.587 million (2023 est.) |
|---|---|
| Industrial production growth rate | 7.36% (2023 est.) |
| Industries | oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, uranium, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials |
| Population below poverty line | 5.2% (2022 est.) |
| Taxes and other revenues | 9.45% (of GDP) (2021 est.) |
| Fiscal year | |
| Exchange rates | |
| Currency | tenge (KZT) per US dollar - |
| Exchange rates 2023 | 456.165 (2023 est.) |
| Exchange rates 2022 | 460.165 (2022 est.) |
| Exchange rates 2021 | 425.908 (2021 est.) |
| Exchange rates 2020 | 412.953 (2020 est.) |
| Exchange rates 2019 | 382.747 (2019 est.) |
| Debt - external | |
| Debt - external 2019 | $159.351 billion (2019 est.) |
| Debt - external 2018 | $163.73 billion (2018 est.) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023 | $35.965 billion (2023 est.) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022 | $35.076 billion (2022 est.) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021 | $34.378 billion (2021 est.) |
| Current account balance | |
| Current account balance 2023 | -$8.658 billion (2023 est.) |
| Current account balance 2022 | $7.054 billion (2022 est.) |
| Current account balance 2021 | -$2.673 billion (2021 est.) |
| Public debt | |
| Public debt 2021 | 22.41% of GDP (2021 est.) |
| Budget | |
| Revenues | $29.955 billion (2020 est.) |
| Expenditures | $41.994 billion (2020 est.) |
| Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) | |
| Remittances | |
| Remittances 2023 | 0.17% of GDP (2023 est.) |
| Remittances 2022 | 0.21% of GDP (2022 est.) |
| Remittances 2021 | 0.16% of GDP (2021 est.) |
| Household income | |
| Lowest 10% | 4.3% (2021 est.) |
| Highest 10% | 24.8% (2021 est.) |
| Average household expenditures | |
| On food | 49.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.) |
| On alcohol and tobacco | 2.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.) |
| Imports | |
| Imports 2023 | $71.811 billion (2023 est.) |
| Imports 2022 | $60.151 billion (2022 est.) |
| Imports 2021 | $49.597 billion (2021 est.) |
| Imports (partners) | Russia 29%, China 28%, Germany 5%, South Korea 4%, Turkey 3% (2022) |
| Comodities Imports force | garments, cars, broadcasting equipment, plastic products, packaged medicine (2022) |
| Exports | |
| Imports 2023 | $71.811 billion (2023 est.) |
| Imports 2022 | $60.151 billion (2022 est.) |
| Imports 2021 | $49.597 billion (2021 est.) |
| Exports (partners) | China 14%, Italy 13%, Russia 9%, UK 8%, Netherlands 6% (2022) |
| Comodities Exports force | crude petroleum, gold, refined copper, iron alloys, radioactive chemicals (2022) |
| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) | |
| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023 | $705.52 billion (2023 est.) |
| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022 | $671.285 billion (2022 est.) |
| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021 | $650.47 billion (2021 est.) |
| GDP (official exchange rate) | $261.421 billion (2023 est.) |
| Real GDP Per capita | |
| Real GDP per capita 2023 | $35,500 (2023 est.) |
| Real GDP per capita 2022 | $34,200 (2022 est.) |
| Real GDP per capita 2021 | $33,900 (2021 est.) |
| GDP - composition, by sector of origin | |
| Agriculture | 4.7% (2017 est.) |
| Industry | 34.1% (2017 est.) |
| Services | 61.2% (2017 est.) |
| GDP - composition, by end use | |
| Household consumption | 53.2% (2017 est.) |
| Government consumption | 11.1% (2017 est.) |
| Investment in fixed capital | 22.5% (2017 est.) |
| Investment in inventories | 4.8% (2017 est.) |
| Exports of goods and services | 35.4% (2017 est.) |
| Imports of goods and services | -27.1% (2017 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | |
| Unemployment rate 2023 | 4.85% (2023 est.) |
| Unemployment rate 2022 | 4.86% (2022 est.) |
| Unemployment rate 2021 | 5.56% (2021 est.) |
| Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) | |
| Total | 3.8% (2023 est.) |
| Male | 2.9% (2023 est.) |
| Female | 5% (2023 est.) |
All Important Facts about Kazakhstan
Want to know more about Kazakhstan? Check all different factbooks for Kazakhstan below.
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Kazakhstan Factbook
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The Economy of Kazakhstan
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Learn about the Government of Kazakhstan
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Communication in Kazakhstan
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Popular Universities in Kazakhstan
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Enerny in Kazakhstan
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Transport in Kazakhstan
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The Geography and society of Kazakhstan
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The Environment of Kazakhstan
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Military and security in Kazakhstan