Climate | We have continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid |
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Revenue from forest resources | 0% of GDP (2018 est.) |
Revenue from coal | 0.99% of GDP (2018 est.) |
Waste and recycling | Municipal solid waste generated annually: 4,659,740 tons (2012 est.) |
Total renewable water resources | 108.41 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Major rivers (by length in km) | Syr Darya river mouth (shared with Kyrgyzstan [s], Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan) - 3,078 km note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth |
Total water withdrawal | |
Municipal | 4.62 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Industrial | 4.54 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Agricultural | 15.4 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Air pollutants | |
Particulate matter emissions | 26.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.) |
Carbon dioxide emissions | 247.21 megatons (2016 est.) |
Methane emissions | 45.03 megatons (2020 est.) |
Land Use | |
Agricultural land | 77.4% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: arable land | arable land: 8.9% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent crops | permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent pasture | permanent pasture: 68.5% (2018 est.) |
Forest | 1.2% (2018 est.) |
Other | 21.4% (2018 est.) |
Urbanization | |
Urban population | 58.2% of total population (2023) |
Rate of urbanization | 1.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
Major urban areas (Pop) | 1.987 million Almaty, 1.291 million NUR-SULTAN (capital), 1.155 million Shimkent (2023). |
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