Moldova - Economy
How is the economy of Moldova? Based on the information we have, Moldova has a upper middle-income Eastern European economy; sustained growth reversed by COVID-19; significant remittances; Russian energy and regional dependence; agricultural exporter; declining workforce due to emigration and low fertility. Key agricultural products in this country include: wheat, maize, sunflower seeds, grapes, apples, sugar beets, barley, milk, rapeseed, potatoes (2023).
More about the economy of Moldova
Labor force 1.358 million (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate 3.3% (2024 est.)
Industries sugar processing, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles
Population below poverty line 31.1% (2022 est.)
Taxes and other revenues 18.6% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Fiscal year
Exchange rates
Currency Moldovan lei (MDL) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024 17.792 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023 18.164 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022 18.897 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021 17.68 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020 17.322 (2020 est.)
Debt - external
Debt - external 2023 $2.637 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024 $5.484 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023 $5.453 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022 $4.474 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024 -$2.917 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023 -$1.893 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022 -$2.482 billion (2022 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2023 34.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Budget
Revenues $4.487 billion (2022 est.)
Expenditures $4.684 billion (2022 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Remittances
Remittances 2024 10.5% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances 2023 12% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022 14% of GDP (2022 est.)
Household income
Lowest 10% 4.5% (2022 est.)
Highest 10% 22.5% (2022 est.)
Imports
Imports 2024 $10.418 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023 $9.84 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022 $10.265 billion (2022 est.)
Imports (partners) Romania 16%, Ukraine 13%, China 11%, Turkey 8%, Germany 7% (2023)
Comodities Imports force refined petroleum, natural gas, cars, packaged medicine, plastic products (2023)
Exports
Imports 2024 $10.418 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023 $9.84 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022 $10.265 billion (2022 est.)
Exports (partners) Romania 31%, Ukraine 13%, Italy 6%, Germany 6%, Czechia 4% (2023)
Comodities Exports force insulated wire, garments, refined petroleum, seed oils, wheat (2023)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024 $39.342 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023 $39.301 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022 $38.835 billion (2022 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate) $18.2 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP Per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024 $16,500 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023 $16,000 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022 $15,400 (2022 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
Agriculture 7.1% (2024 est.)
Industry 16.8% (2024 est.)
Services 62.3% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
Household consumption 86.8% (2024 est.)
Government consumption 17.9% (2024 est.)
Investment in fixed capital 20% (2024 est.)
Investment in inventories 1.1% (2024 est.)
Exports of goods and services 31.4% (2024 est.)
Imports of goods and services -57.3% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate 2024 1.5% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023 1.6% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2022 0.9% (2022 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
Total 3.3% (2024 est.)
Male 3.4% (2024 est.)
Female 3.3% (2024 est.)
All Important Facts about Moldova

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Moldova is found in Eastern Europe