Poland - Economy
How is the economy of Poland? Based on the information we have, Poland has a
high-income, diversified, EU-member economy; significant growth in GDP, trade, and investment since joining EU in 2004; private consumption and EU-funded public investments driving GDP growth; increased social spending, flooding recovery costs, and defense spending have added to public debt
. Key agricultural products in this country include: sugar beets, milk, wheat, maize, potatoes, triticale, apples, rapeseed, barley, rye (2023).More about the economy of Poland
| Labor force | 18.245 million (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Industrial production growth rate | -0.6% (2023 est.) |
| Industries | machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles |
| Population below poverty line | 12.2% (2023 est.) |
| Taxes and other revenues | 18% (of GDP) (2023 est.) |
| Fiscal year | |
| Exchange rates | |
| Currency | zlotych (PLN) per US dollar - |
| Exchange rates 2024 | 3.981 (2024 est.) |
| Exchange rates 2023 | 4.204 (2023 est.) |
| Exchange rates 2022 | 4.458 (2022 est.) |
| Exchange rates 2021 | 3.862 (2021 est.) |
| Exchange rates 2020 | 3.9 (2020 est.) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024 | $223.115 billion (2024 est.) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023 | $193.783 billion (2023 est.) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022 | $166.664 billion (2022 est.) |
| Current account balance | |
| Current account balance 2024 | $1.789 billion (2024 est.) |
| Current account balance 2023 | $14.535 billion (2023 est.) |
| Current account balance 2022 | -$15.822 billion (2022 est.) |
| Public debt | |
| Public debt 2017 | 50.6% of GDP (2017 est.) |
| Budget | |
| Revenues | $291.603 billion (2023 est.) |
| Expenditures | $328.497 billion (2023 est.) |
| Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) | |
| Remittances | |
| Remittances 2024 | 0.9% of GDP (2024 est.) |
| Remittances 2023 | 1.1% of GDP (2023 est.) |
| Remittances 2022 | 1.1% of GDP (2022 est.) |
| Household income | |
| Lowest 10% | 3.3% (2022 est.) |
| Highest 10% | 23.1% (2022 est.) |
| Average household expenditures | |
| On food | 18.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.) |
| On alcohol and tobacco | 6.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.) |
| Imports | |
| Imports 2024 | $441.945 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports 2023 | $423.797 billion (2023 est.) |
| Imports 2022 | $421.765 billion (2022 est.) |
| Imports (partners) | Germany 22%, China 12%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 4%, USA 4% (2023) |
| Comodities Imports force | crude petroleum, cars, garments, vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products (2023) |
| Exports | |
| Imports 2024 | $441.945 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports 2023 | $423.797 billion (2023 est.) |
| Imports 2022 | $421.765 billion (2022 est.) |
| Exports (partners) | Germany 25%, UK 6%, Czechia 6%, France 6%, Italy 5% (2023) |
| Comodities Exports force | vehicle parts/accessories, electric batteries, plastic products, cars, seats (2023) |
| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) | |
| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024 | $1.649 trillion (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023 | $1.602 trillion (2023 est.) |
| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022 | $1.598 trillion (2022 est.) |
| GDP (official exchange rate) | $914.696 billion (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP Per capita | |
| Real GDP per capita 2024 | $45,100 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP per capita 2023 | $43,700 (2023 est.) |
| Real GDP per capita 2022 | $43,400 (2022 est.) |
| GDP - composition, by sector of origin | |
| Agriculture | 2.6% (2024 est.) |
| Industry | 26.4% (2024 est.) |
| Services | 59.9% (2024 est.) |
| GDP - composition, by end use | |
| Household consumption | 57.6% (2024 est.) |
| Government consumption | 20.8% (2024 est.) |
| Investment in fixed capital | 16.9% (2024 est.) |
| Investment in inventories | 0.8% (2024 est.) |
| Exports of goods and services | 52.3% (2024 est.) |
| Imports of goods and services | -48.3% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | |
| Unemployment rate 2024 | 2.5% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment rate 2023 | 2.8% (2023 est.) |
| Unemployment rate 2022 | 2.9% (2022 est.) |
| Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) | |
| Total | 9.9% (2024 est.) |
| Male | 10.1% (2024 est.) |
| Female | 9.6% (2024 est.) |
All Important Facts about Poland
Want to know more about Poland? Check all different factbooks for Poland below.
