Poland - Economy
How is the economy of Poland? Based on the information we have, Poland has a high-income, diversified, EU-member economy; significant growth in GDP, trade, and investment since joining EU in 2004; rebounding from slowdown triggered by inflation and fall in consumer demand; strong foreign investment supported by EU structural funds; income tax reform and defense spending have added to public debt. Key agricultural products in this country include: milk, sugar beets, wheat, maize, potatoes, triticale, apples, rapeseed, barley, rye (2022).
More about the economy of Poland
Labor force 18.387 million (2023 est.)
Industrial production growth rate 0.55% (2023 est.)
Industries machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles
Population below poverty line 11.8% (2022 est.)
Taxes and other revenues 17.27% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Fiscal year
Exchange rates
Currency zlotych (PLN) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2023 4.204 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022 4.458 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021 3.862 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020 3.9 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2019 3.839 (2019 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023 $193.783 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022 $166.664 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021 $166.03 billion (2021 est.)
Current account balance
Current account balance 2023 $12.689 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022 -$16.697 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021 -$8.515 billion (2021 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2017 50.6% of GDP (2017 est.)
Budget
Revenues $234.98 billion (2022 est.)
Expenditures $250.097 billion (2022 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Remittances
Remittances 2023 0.84% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022 0.93% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021 1.05% of GDP (2021 est.)
Household income
Lowest 10% 3.4% (2021 est.)
Highest 10% 22.8% (2021 est.)
Average household expenditures
On food 19.4% of household expenditures (2022 est.)
On alcohol and tobacco 6.4% of household expenditures (2022 est.)
Imports
Imports 2023 $419.701 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022 $421.226 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2021 $369.82 billion (2021 est.)
Imports (partners) Germany 23%, China 11%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 5%, Czechia 4% (2022)
Comodities Imports force garments, crude petroleum, cars, vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products (2022)
Exports
Imports 2023 $419.701 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022 $421.226 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2021 $369.82 billion (2021 est.)
Exports (partners) Germany 27%, Czechia 6%, France 6%, UK 5%, Netherlands 5% (2022)
Comodities Exports force vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products, garments, electric batteries, computers (2022)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023 $1.616 trillion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022 $1.613 trillion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021 $1.527 trillion (2021 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate) $811.229 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP Per capita
Real GDP per capita 2023 $44,100 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022 $43,800 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2021 $40,500 (2021 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
Agriculture 2.9% (2023 est.)
Industry 28.7% (2023 est.)
Services 58.8% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
Household consumption 57.2% (2023 est.)
Government consumption 18.6% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital 17.8% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories 0.3% (2023 est.)
Exports of goods and services 57.8% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services -51.7% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate 2023 2.91% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2022 2.89% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2021 3.36% (2021 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
Total 11.6% (2023 est.)
Male 12% (2023 est.)
Female 11.1% (2023 est.)
All Important Facts about Poland

Want to know more about Poland? Check all different factbooks for Poland below.

Poland is found in Central Europe