high-income EU and eurozone economy; high per-capita income and low inequality; key exports in automotive and pharmaceuticals; tight labor market with low unemployment; growth supported by private consumption and public investment, with risks from tight labor market and trade conditions; narrowing fiscal deficit and declining public debt
. Key agricultural products in this country include: milk, maize, wheat, barley, grapes, chicken, potatoes, beef, apples, pork (2023).| Labor force | 1.058 million (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Industrial production growth rate | 1.8% (2024 est.) |
| Industries | ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools |
| Population below poverty line | 12.7% (2022 est.) |
| Taxes and other revenues | 20.3% (of GDP) (2023 est.) |
| Fiscal year | |
| Exchange rates | |
| Currency | euros (EUR) per US dollar - |
| Exchange rates 2024 | 0.924 (2024 est.) |
| Exchange rates 2023 | 0.925 (2023 est.) |
| Exchange rates 2022 | 0.95 (2022 est.) |
| Exchange rates 2021 | 0.845 (2021 est.) |
| Exchange rates 2020 | 0.876 (2020 est.) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024 | $2.832 billion (2024 est.) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023 | $2.37 billion (2023 est.) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022 | $2.268 billion (2022 est.) |
| Current account balance | |
| Current account balance 2024 | $3.231 billion (2024 est.) |
| Current account balance 2023 | $3.093 billion (2023 est.) |
| Current account balance 2022 | -$617.374 million (2022 est.) |
| Public debt | |
| Public debt 2017 | 73.6% of GDP (2017 est.) |
| Budget | |
| Revenues | $28.874 billion (2023 est.) |
| Expenditures | $30.714 billion (2023 est.) |
| Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) | |
| Remittances | |
| Remittances 2024 | 1.2% of GDP (2024 est.) |
| Remittances 2023 | 1.3% of GDP (2023 est.) |
| Remittances 2022 | 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.) |
| Household income | |
| Lowest 10% | 4.2% (2022 est.) |
| Highest 10% | 20.7% (2022 est.) |
| Average household expenditures | |
| On food | 13.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.) |
| On alcohol and tobacco | 4.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.) |
| Imports | |
| Imports 2024 | $54.583 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports 2023 | $53.309 billion (2023 est.) |
| Imports 2022 | $55.158 billion (2022 est.) |
| Imports (partners) | Switzerland 17%, China 15%, Germany 11%, Italy 9%, Austria 6% (2023) |
| Comodities Imports force | nitrogen compounds, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, cars, vaccines (2023) |
| Exports | |
| Imports 2024 | $54.583 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports 2023 | $53.309 billion (2023 est.) |
| Imports 2022 | $55.158 billion (2022 est.) |
| Exports (partners) | Switzerland 22%, Germany 12%, Italy 10%, Croatia 8%, Austria 6% (2023) |
| Comodities Exports force | packaged medicine, cars, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products (2023) |
| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) | |
| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024 | $103.118 billion (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023 | $101.503 billion (2023 est.) |
| Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022 | $99.403 billion (2022 est.) |
| GDP (official exchange rate) | $72.485 billion (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP Per capita | |
| Real GDP per capita 2024 | $48,500 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP per capita 2023 | $47,900 (2023 est.) |
| Real GDP per capita 2022 | $47,100 (2022 est.) |
| GDP - composition, by sector of origin | |
| Agriculture | 1.5% (2024 est.) |
| Industry | 28.8% (2024 est.) |
| Services | 58.2% (2024 est.) |
| GDP - composition, by end use | |
| Household consumption | 52.3% (2023 est.) |
| Government consumption | 19.2% (2023 est.) |
| Investment in fixed capital | 21.3% (2023 est.) |
| Investment in inventories | 0.9% (2023 est.) |
| Exports of goods and services | 83.3% (2023 est.) |
| Imports of goods and services | -76.8% (2023 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | |
| Unemployment rate 2024 | 3.4% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment rate 2023 | 3.7% (2023 est.) |
| Unemployment rate 2022 | 4.1% (2022 est.) |
| Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) | |
| Total | 9.4% (2024 est.) |
| Male | 10.6% (2024 est.) |
| Female | 7.9% (2024 est.) |
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