Climate | We have generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north |
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Revenue from forest resources | 0.13% of GDP (2018 est.) |
Revenue from coal | 0.78% of GDP (2018 est.) |
Waste and recycling | Municipal solid waste generated annually: 13.345 million tons (2015 est.) |
Total renewable water resources | 492 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Major rivers (by length in km) | River Murray - 2,508 km; Darling River - 1,545 km; Murrumbidgee River - 1,485 km; Lachlan River - 1,339 km; Cooper Creek - 1,113 km; Flinders River - 1,004 km |
Total water withdrawal | |
Municipal | 2.29 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Industrial | 2.89 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Agricultural | 8.57 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Air pollutants | |
Particulate matter emissions | 8.93 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.) |
Carbon dioxide emissions | 375.91 megatons (2016 est.) |
Methane emissions | 105.01 megatons (2020 est.) |
Land Use | |
Agricultural land | 46.65% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: arable land | arable land: 4.03% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent crops | permanent crops: 0.04% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent pasture | permanent pasture: 42.58% (2018 est.) |
Forest | 17.42% (2018 est.) |
Other | 33.42% (2018 est.) |
Urbanization | |
Urban population | 86.6% of total population (2023) |
Rate of urbanization | 1.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
Major urban areas (Pop) | 5.235 million Melbourne, 5.121 million Sydney, 2.505 million Brisbane, 2.118 million Perth, 1.367 million Adelaide, 472,000 CANBERRA (capital) (2023). |
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