Iran - Environment
As far as the environment of Iran is concerned, there have been air pollution, especially in urban areas, from vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; oil pollution in the Persian Gulf; wetland losses from drought; soil degradation (salination); inadequate supplies of potable water; water pollution from raw sewage and industrial waste; urbanization. As for nvironment - international agreements, we have; Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands.
About the environment of Iran
Climate We have mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast
Revenue from forest resources 0.01% of GDP (2017 est.)
Revenue from coal 0.01% of GDP (2017 est.)
Waste and recycling Municipal solid waste generated annually: 17.885 million tons (2017 est.)
Total renewable water resources 137.05 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
Major rivers (by length in km) Euphrates (shared with Turkey [s], Syria, and Iraq [m]) - 3,596 km; Tigris (shared with Turkey, Syria, and Iraq [m]) - 1,950 km; Helmand (shared with Afghanistan [s]) - 1,130 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Total water withdrawal
Municipal 6.2 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
Industrial 1.1 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
Agricultural 86 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions 31.62 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions 661.71 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions 158.71 megatons (2020 est.)
Land Use
Agricultural land 30.1% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land arable land: 10.8% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture permanent pasture: 18.1% (2018 est.)
Forest 6.8% (2018 est.)
Other 63.1% (2018 est.)
Urbanization
Urban population 77.3% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas (Pop) 9.500 million TEHRAN (capital), 3.368 million Mashhad, 2.258 million Esfahan, 1.721 million Shiraz, 1.661 million Tabriz, 1.594 million Karaj (2023).
All Important Facts about Iran

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Iran is found in Southern Asia