Climate | We have mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast |
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Revenue from forest resources | 0.01% of GDP (2017 est.) |
Revenue from coal | 0.01% of GDP (2017 est.) |
Waste and recycling | Municipal solid waste generated annually: 17.885 million tons (2017 est.) |
Total renewable water resources | 137.05 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Major rivers (by length in km) | Euphrates (shared with Turkey [s], Syria, and Iraq [m]) - 3,596 km; Tigris (shared with Turkey, Syria, and Iraq [m]) - 1,950 km; Helmand (shared with Afghanistan [s]) - 1,130 km note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth |
Total water withdrawal | |
Municipal | 6.2 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Industrial | 1.1 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Agricultural | 86 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Air pollutants | |
Particulate matter emissions | 31.62 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.) |
Carbon dioxide emissions | 661.71 megatons (2016 est.) |
Methane emissions | 158.71 megatons (2020 est.) |
Land Use | |
Agricultural land | 30.1% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: arable land | arable land: 10.8% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent crops | permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent pasture | permanent pasture: 18.1% (2018 est.) |
Forest | 6.8% (2018 est.) |
Other | 63.1% (2018 est.) |
Urbanization | |
Urban population | 77.3% of total population (2023) |
Rate of urbanization | 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
Major urban areas (Pop) | 9.500 million TEHRAN (capital), 3.368 million Mashhad, 2.258 million Esfahan, 1.721 million Shiraz, 1.661 million Tabriz, 1.594 million Karaj (2023). |
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