Here, let us take a look at the Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Within Bosnia and Herzegovina's recognized borders, the country is divided into a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska or RS (about 49% of the territory); the region called Herzegovina is contiguous to Croatia and Montenegro, and traditionally has been settled by an ethnic Croat majority in the west and an ethnic Serb majority in the east. Mother's mean age at first birth is 27.7 years (2019 est.) (), whereas, the Maternal mortality ratio is 6 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)
Location | Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia |
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Geographic coordinates | 44 00 N, 18 00 E |
Map references | Europe |
Tarrain | mountains and valleys |
Natural Resources | coal, iron ore, antimony, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, cobalt, manganese, nickel, clay, gypsum, salt, sand, timber, hydropower |
Natural Hazards | destructive earthquakes |
Irrigated Land | 30 sq km (2012) |
Major rivers (by length in km) | |
Major aquifers | |
Land Boundaries | 1,543 km |
Border Countries | Croatia 956 km; Montenegro 242 km; Serbia 345 km |
Coastline | 20 km |
Climate | hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast |
Area | |
Total Area | |
Land Area | 51,187 sq km |
Water Area | 10 sq km |
comparative Area | slightly smaller than West Virginia |
Maritime Claims | |
Elevations | |
Highest point | Maglic 2,386 m |
Lowest point | Adriatic Sea 0 m |
Mean elevation | 500 m |
Land Use | |
Agricultural land | 42.2% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: arable land | arable land: 19.7% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent crops | permanent crops: 2% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent pasture | permanent pasture: 20.5% (2018 est.) |
Forest | 42.8% (2018 est.) |
Other | 15% (2018 est.) |
The northern and central areas of the country are the most densely populated
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the different Ethnic groups are such that we have: Bosniak 50.1%, Serb 30.8%, Croat 15.4%, other 2.7%, not declared/no answer 1% (2013 est.)
Population | |
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Pop growth rate | -0.25% (2024 est.) |
Birth rate | 8.2 births/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
Death rate | 10.3 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
Health expenditure | 9.8% of GDP (2020) |
Physicians Density | |
Hospital bed Density | 3.5 beds/1,000 population (2014) |
Total fertility rate | 1.38 children born/woman (2024 est.) |
Gross reproduction rate | 0.67 (2024 est.) |
Contraceptive prevalence rate | 45.8% (2011/12) |
Est married women (ages 15-49) | 63.8% (2023 est.) |
Literacy | age 15 and over can read and write |
Education expenditures | NA |
Net Migration rate | -0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
Nationality | Bosnian, Herzegovinian | Bosnian(s), Herzegovinian(s) |
Languages | |
Religions | Muslim 50.7%, Orthodox 30.7%, Roman Catholic 15.2%, atheist 0.8%, agnostic 0.3%, other 1.2%, undeclared/no answer 1.1% (2013 est.) |
Age Structure | |
0-14 years | 13.1% (male 257,444/female 240,209) |
15-64 years | 68.3% (male 1,305,271/female 1,290,920) |
65 years and over | 18.6% (2024 est.) (male 289,449/female 415,378) |
Dependency Ratios | |
Total dependency ratio | 48 |
Youth dependency ratio | 22.3 |
Elderly dependency ratio | 27.1 |
Potential support ratio | 3.7 (2021 est.) |
Median Age | |
Total | 44.8 years (2024 est.) |
Male | 43.1 years |
Female | 46.5 years |
Urbanization | |
Urban population | 50.3% of total population (2023) |
Rate of urbanization | 0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
Major urban areas (Pop) | 346,000 SARAJEVO (capital) (2023). |
Sex Ratio | |
At birth | 1.07 male(s)/female |
0-14 years | 1.07 male(s)/female |
15-64 years | 1.01 male(s)/female |
65 years and over | 0.7 male(s)/female |
Total population | 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.) |
Infant Motality | |
Total | 5 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.) |
Male | 5.1 deaths/1,000 live births |
Female | 4.9 deaths/1,000 live births |
Life Expectancy at birth | |
Total population | 78.5 years (2024 est.) |
Male | 75.5 years |
Female | 81.6 years |
Drinking Water Sources | |
Improved: urban | urban: 99.9% of population |
Improved: rural | rural: 100% of population |
Improved: total | total: 99.9% of population |
Unimproved: urban | urban: 0.1% of population |
Unimproved: rural | rural: 0% of population |
Unimproved: total | total: 0.1% of population (2020 est.) |
Sanitation facility acess | |
Improved: urban | urban: 99.5% of population |
Improved: rural | rural: NA |
Improved: total | total: NA |
Unimproved: urban | urban: 0.5% of population |
Unimproved: rural | rural: NA |
Unimproved: total | total: (2020 est.) NA |
Alcohol consumption per capita | |
Total | 5.46 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Beer | 4.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Wine | 0.47 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Spirits | 0.62 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Other alcohols | 0.17 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Tobacco use | |
Total | 35% (2020 est.) |
Male | 42% (2020 est.) |
Female | 28% (2020 est.) |
Want to know more about Bosnia and Herzegovina? Check all different factbooks for Bosnia and Herzegovina below.