Here, let us take a look at the Geography of Bulgaria. Strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia. Mother's mean age at first birth is 26.4 years (2020 est.) (), whereas, the Maternal mortality ratio is 7 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)
Location | Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey |
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Geographic coordinates | 43 00 N, 25 00 E |
Map references | Europe |
Tarrain | mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast |
Natural Resources | bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land |
Natural Hazards | earthquakes; landslides |
Irrigated Land | 987 sq km (2013) |
Major rivers (by length in km) | Dunav (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth |
Major aquifers | |
Land Boundaries | 1,806 km |
Border Countries | Greece 472 km; Macedonia 162 km; Romania 605 km; Serbia 344 km; Turkey 223 km |
Coastline | 354 km |
Climate | temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers |
Area | |
Total Area | |
Land Area | 108,489 sq km |
Water Area | 2,390 sq km |
comparative Area | almost identical in size to Virginia; slightly larger than Tennessee |
Maritime Claims | |
Territorial sea | 12 nm |
Contiguous zone | 24 nm |
Exclusive economic zone | 200 nm |
Elevations | |
Highest point | Musala 2,925 m |
Lowest point | Black Sea 0 m |
Mean elevation | 472 m |
Land Use | |
Agricultural land | 46.9% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: arable land | arable land: 29.9% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent crops | permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent pasture | permanent pasture: 15.5% (2018 est.) |
Forest | 36.7% (2018 est.) |
Other | 16.4% (2018 est.) |
A fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger populations
In Bulgaria, the different Ethnic groups are such that we have: Bulgarian 78.5%, Turkish 7.8%, Roma 4.1%, other 1.2%, unspecified 9.4% (2021 est.)
Population | |
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Pop growth rate | -0.66% (2024 est.) |
Birth rate | 7.9 births/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
Death rate | 14.2 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
Health expenditure | 8.5% of GDP (2020) |
Physicians Density | |
Hospital bed Density | 7.5 beds/1,000 population (2017) |
Total fertility rate | 1.51 children born/woman (2024 est.) |
Gross reproduction rate | 0.73 (2024 est.) |
Contraceptive prevalence rate | NA |
Est married women (ages 15-49) | 57.3% (2023 est.) |
Literacy | age 15 and over can read and write |
Education expenditures | 4% of GDP (2020 est.) |
Net Migration rate | -0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
Nationality | Bulgarian | Bulgarian(s) |
Languages | |
Religions | Christian 64.7%, Muslim 9.8%, other 0.1%, none 4.7%, unspecified 20.7% (2021 est.) |
Age Structure | |
0-14 years | 13.8% (male 479,586/female 453,423) |
15-64 years | 65.2% (male 2,250,962/female 2,171,279) |
65 years and over | 21% (2024 est.) (male 572,943/female 854,466) |
Dependency Ratios | |
Total dependency ratio | 57.3 |
Youth dependency ratio | 22 |
Elderly dependency ratio | 35.3 |
Potential support ratio | 2.8 (2021 est.) |
Median Age | |
Total | 45.1 years (2024 est.) |
Male | 43.3 years |
Female | 47 years |
Urbanization | |
Urban population | 76.7% of total population (2023) |
Rate of urbanization | -0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
Major urban areas (Pop) | 1.288 million SOFIA (capital) (2023). |
Sex Ratio | |
At birth | 1.06 male(s)/female |
0-14 years | 1.06 male(s)/female |
15-64 years | 1.04 male(s)/female |
65 years and over | 0.67 male(s)/female |
Total population | 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.) |
Infant Motality | |
Total | 7.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.) |
Male | 8.7 deaths/1,000 live births |
Female | 6.6 deaths/1,000 live births |
Life Expectancy at birth | |
Total population | 76.1 years (2024 est.) |
Male | 72.9 years |
Female | 79.4 years |
Drinking Water Sources | |
Improved: urban | urban: 99.5% of population |
Improved: rural | rural: 97.4% of population |
Improved: total | total: 99% of population |
Unimproved: urban | urban: 0.5% of population |
Unimproved: rural | rural: 2.6% of population |
Unimproved: total | total: 1% of population (2020 est.) |
Sanitation facility acess | |
Improved: urban | urban: 100% of population |
Improved: rural | rural: 100% of population |
Improved: total | total: 100% of population |
Unimproved: urban | urban: 0% of population |
Unimproved: rural | rural: 0% of population |
Unimproved: total | total: 0% of population (2020 est.) |
Alcohol consumption per capita | |
Total | 11.18 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Beer | 4.44 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Wine | 1.72 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Spirits | 4.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Other alcohols | 0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Tobacco use | |
Total | 39% (2020 est.) |
Male | 40.9% (2020 est.) |
Female | 37.1% (2020 est.) |
Want to know more about Bulgaria? Check all different factbooks for Bulgaria below.