Bengal tiger, water lily; national colors: green, red.
Title | "Amar Shonar Bangla" (My Golden Bengal) |
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Lyric/music | Rabindranath TAGORE |
Date of Independence | 16 December 1971 (from Pakistan) |
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National holiday | Independence Day, 26 March (1971); Victory Day, 16 December (1971); note - 26 March 1971 is the date of the Awami League's declaration of an independent Bangladesh, and 16 December (Victory Day) memorializes the military victory over Pakistan and the official creation of the state of Bangladesh |
Legal system | common law; since independence, statutory law enacted by the Parliament of Bangladesh has been the primary form of legislation; Bangladeshi law incorporates elements of English common law; Islamic law applies to Bangladeshi Muslims in family and inheritance laws, with Hindu personal law applying to Bangladeshi Hindus and Buddhists |
International law organization participation | has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction |
Constitution | |
History | Previous 1935, 1956, 1962 (preindependence); latest enacted 4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972, suspended March 1982, restored November 1986 |
Amendments | Proposed by the House of the Nation; approval requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the House membership and assent of the president of the republic; amended many times, last in 2018 |
Citizenship | |
Citizenship by birth | no |
Citizenship by descent only | at least one parent must be a citizen of Bangladesh |
Dual citizenship recognized | yes, but limited to select countries |
Residency requirement for naturalization | 5 years |
Executive Branch | |
Chief of state | President Mohammad Shahabuddin CHUPPI (since 24 April 2023) |
Head of government | Interim Prime Minister Muhammad YUNUS (since 8 August 2024) |
Cabinet | Cabinet selected by the prime minister, appointed by the president |
Elections/appointments | president indirectly elected by the National Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 13 February 2023 (next to be held by 2028); the president appoints as prime minister the majority party leader in the National Parliament |
Election results | President Mohammad Shahabuddin CHUPPI (AL) elected unopposed by the National Parliament; Sheikh HASINA reappointed prime minister for a fifth term following the 7 January 2024 parliamentary election |
Legislative branch | |
Description | Unicameral House of the Nation or Jatiya Sangsad (350 seats; 300 members in single-seat territorial constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote; 50 members - reserved for women only - indirectly elected by the House of the Nation membership by proportional representation vote using single transferable vote method; all members serve 5-year terms); note - on 5 August 2024, Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA Wazed resigned, and the following day, President Mohammad Shahabuddin CHUPPI dissolved House of the Nation |
Elections | Last held on 7 January 2024 (next to be held in 2026) |
Election results | Percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party as of December 2023 - AL 306, JP 27, BNP 0, other 14, independent 3; composition - men 280, women 70, percentage women 20% |
Judicial branch | |
Highest court(s) | Supreme Court of Bangladesh (organized into the Appellate Division with 7 justices and the High Court Division with 99 justices) |
Judge selection and term of office | Chief justice and justices appointed by the president; justices serve until retirement at age 67 |
Subordinate courts | Civil courts include: Assistant Judge's Court; Joint District Judge's Court; Additional District Judge's Court; District Judge's Court; criminal courts include: Court of Sessions; Court of Metropolitan Sessions; Metropolitan Magistrate Courts; Magistrate Court; special courts/tribunals |
Diplomatic representation in the US | |
Chief of mission | Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires DM Salahuddin MAHMUD (since 12 September 2024) |
Chancery | 3510 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
Telephone | [1] (202) 244-0183 |
FAX | [1] (202) 244-2771 |
Email address and website | [email protected] Embassy of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Washington, DC (mofa.gov.bd) |
Consulate(s) general | Los Angeles, Miami, New York |
Diplomatic representation from the US | |
Chief of mission | Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Helen LAFAVE (since July 2024) |
Embassy | Madani Avenue, Baridhara, Dhaka - 1212 |
Mailing address | 6120 Dhaka Place, Washington DC 20521-6120 |
Telephone | [880] (2) 5566-2000 |
FAX | [880] (2) 5566-2907 |
Email address and website | [email protected] https://bd.usembassy.gov/ |
National heritage | |
Total World Heritage Sites | 3 (2 cultural, 1 natural) |
Selected World Heritage Site locales | Bagerhat Historic Mosque (c); Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur (c); Sundarbans (n) |
Want to know more about Bangladesh? Check all different factbooks for Bangladesh below.