Golden eagle, dahlia; national colors: green, white, red.
Title | "Himno Nacional Mexicano" (National Anthem of Mexico) |
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Lyric/music | Francisco Gonzalez BOCANEGRA/Jaime Nuno ROCA |
Date of Independence | 16 September 1810 (declared independence from Spain); 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain) |
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National holiday | Independence Day, 16 September (1810) |
Legal system | civil law system with US constitutional law influence; judicial review of legislative acts |
International law organization participation | accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction |
Constitution | |
History | Several previous; latest approved 5 February 1917 |
Amendments | Proposed by the Congress of the Union; passage requires approval by at least two thirds of the members present and approval by a majority of the state legislatures; amended many times, last in 2024 |
Citizenship | |
Citizenship by birth | yes |
Citizenship by descent only | yes |
Dual citizenship recognized | not specified |
Residency requirement for naturalization | 5 years |
Executive Branch | |
Chief of state | President Claudia SHEINBAUM Pardo (since 1 October 2024) |
Head of government | President Claudia SHEINBAUM Pardo (since 1 October 2024) |
Cabinet | Cabinet appointed by the president |
Elections/appointments | president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a single 6-year term; election last held on 2 June 2024 (next to be held in 2030) |
Election results | 2024: Claudia SHEINBAUM Pardo elected president; percent of vote - Claudia SHEINBAUM Pardo (MORENA) 59.4%, Xóchitl GÁLVEZ Ruiz (PAN) 27.9%, Jorge Álvarez MÁYNEZ (MC) 10.4%, other 2.3% 2018: Andrés Manuel LÓPEZ OBRADOR elected president; percent of vote - Andrés Manuel LÓPEZ OBRADOR (MORENA) 53.2%, Ricardo ANAYA Cortés (PAN) 22.3%, José Antonio MEADE Kuribreña (PRI) 16.4%, Jaime RODRÍGUEZ Calderón (independent) 5.2%, other 2.9% 2012: Enrique PEÑA NIETO elected president; percent of vote - Enrique PEÑA NIETO (PRI) 38.2%, Andrés Manuel LÓPEZ OBRADOR (PRD) 31.6%, Josefina Eugenia VÁZQUEZ Mota (PAN) 25.4%, other 4.8% |
Legislative branch | |
Description | bicameral National Congress or Congreso de la Unión consists of: |
Elections | Senate - last held on 2 June 2024 (next to be held in 2030) Chamber of Deputies - last held on 2 June 2024 (next to be held in 2027) |
Election results | Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; note - awaiting official results from the 2 June 2024 election Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; note - awaiting official results from the 2 June 2024 election |
Judicial branch | |
Highest court(s) | Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación (consists of the chief justice and 11 justices and organized into civil, criminal, administrative, and labor panels) and the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary (organized into the superior court, with 7 judges including the court president, and 5 regional courts, each with 3 judges) |
Judge selection and term of office | Supreme Court justices nominated by the president of the republic and approved by two-thirds vote of the members present in the Senate; justices serve 15-year terms; Electoral Tribunal superior and regional court judges nominated by the Supreme Court and elected by two-thirds vote of members present in the Senate; superior court president elected from among its members to hold office for a 4-year term; other judges of the superior and regional courts serve staggered, 9-year terms |
Subordinate courts | Federal level includes circuit, collegiate, and unitary courts; state and district level courts |
Diplomatic representation in the US | |
Chief of mission | Ambassador Esteban MOCTEZUMA Barragán (since 20 April 2021) |
Chancery | 1911 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20006 |
Telephone | [1] (202) 728-1600 |
FAX | [1] (202) 728-1698 |
Email address and website | [email protected] https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/eua/index.php/en/ |
Consulate(s) general | Atlanta (GA), Austin (TX), Boston (MA), Chicago (IL), Dallas (TX), Denver (GA), El Paso (TX), Houston (TX), Laredo (TX), Miami (FL), New York (NY), Nogales (AZ), Phoenix (AZ), Raleigh (NC), Sacramento (CA), San Antonio (TX), San Diego (CA), San Francisco (CA), San Jose (CA), San Juan (Puerto Rico) |
Consulate(s) | Albuquerque (NM), Boise (ID), Brownsville (TX), Calexico (CA), Del Rio (TX), Detroit (MI), Douglas (AZ), Eagle Pass (TX), Fresno (CA), Indianapolis (IN), Kansas City (MO), Las Vegas (NV), Little Rock (AR), Los Angeles (CA), McAllen (TX), Milwaukee (WI), New Orleans (LA), Oklahoma City (OK), Omaha (NE), Orlando (FL), Oxnard (CA), Philadelphia (PA), Portland (OR), Presidio (TX), Salt Lake City (UT), San Bernardino (CA), Santa Ana (CA), Seattle (WA), St. Paul (MN), Tucson (AZ), Yuma (AZ) |
Diplomatic representation from the US | |
Chief of mission | Ambassador Ken SALAZAR (since 14 September 2021) |
Embassy | Paseo de la Reforma 305, Colonia Cuauhtémoc, 06500 Mexico, CDMX |
Mailing address | 8700 Mexico City Place, Washington DC 20521-8700 |
Telephone | (011) [52]-55-5080-2000 |
FAX | (011) 52-55-5080-2005 |
Email address and website | [email protected] https://mx.usembassy.gov/ |
Consulate(s) general | Ciudad Juárez, Guadalajara, Hermosillo, Matamoros, Mérida, Monterrey, Nogales, Nuevo Laredo, Tijuana |
National heritage | |
Total World Heritage Sites | 35 (27 cultural, 6 natural, 2 mixed) |
Selected World Heritage Site locales | Historic Mexico City (c); Earliest 16th-Century Monasteries on the Slopes of Popocatepetl (c); Teotihuacan (c); Whale Sanctuary of El Vizcaino (n); Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (n); Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley (m); Historic Puebla (c); El Tajin (c); Historic Tlacotalpan (c); Historic Oaxaca and Monte Albán (c); Palenque (c); Chichen-Itza (c); Uxmal (c) |
Want to know more about Mexico? Check all different factbooks for Mexico below.