Zimbabwe bird symbol, African fish eagle, flame lily; national colors: green, yellow, red, black, white.
Title | "Kalibusiswe Ilizwe leZimbabwe" [Northern Ndebele language] "Simudzai Mureza WeZimbabwe" [Shona] (Blessed Be the Land of Zimbabwe) |
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Lyric/music | Solomon MUTSWAIRO/Fred Lecture CHANGUNDEGA |
Date of Independence | 18 April 1980 (from the UK) |
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National holiday | Independence Day, 18 April (1980) |
Legal system | mixed legal system of English common law, Roman-Dutch civil law, and customary law |
International law organization participation | has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt |
Constitution | |
History | Previous 1965 (at Rhodesian independence), 1979 (Lancaster House Agreement), 1980 (at Zimbabwean independence); latest final draft completed January 2013, approved by referendum 16 March 2013, approved by Parliament 9 May 2013, effective 22 May 2013 |
Amendments | Proposed by the Senate or by the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses of Parliament and assent of the president of the republic; amendments to constitutional chapters on fundamental human rights and freedoms and on agricultural lands also require approval by a majority of votes cast in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2017 |
Citizenship | |
Citizenship by birth | no |
Citizenship by descent only | the father must be a citizen of Zimbabwe; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen |
Dual citizenship recognized | no |
Residency requirement for naturalization | 5 years |
Executive Branch | |
Chief of state | President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 4 September 2023) |
Head of government | Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 11 September 2023) |
Cabinet | Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to National Assembly |
Elections/appointments | each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership |
Election results | 2023: Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 52.6%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44%, Wilbert MUBAIWA (NPC) 1.2%, other 2.2% 2018: Emmerson MNANGAGWA elected president in first round; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.7%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.4%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) 0.9%, other 4% |
Legislative branch | |
Description | Bicameral Parliament consists of: Senate (80 seats; 60 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - 6 seats in each of the 10 provinces - by proportional representation vote, 16 indirectly elected by the regional governing councils, 18 reserved for the National Council Chiefs, and 2 reserved for members with disabilities; members serve 5-year terms) National Assembly (280 seats; 210 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 60 seats reserved for women directly elected by proportional representation vote and 10 additional seats reserved for candidates aged between 21 and 35 directly elected by proportional representation, members serve 5-year terms) |
Elections | Senate - last held for elected member on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028) |
Election results | Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 33, CCC- 27, Chiefs 18, people with disabilities 2; composition - men 36, women 35, percentage of women 49.3% |
Judicial branch | |
Highest court(s) | Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 4 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the chief and deputy chief justices and 9 judges) |
Judge selection and term of office | Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission, an independent body consisting of the chief justice, Public Service Commission chairman, attorney general, and 2-3 members appointed by the president; judges normally serve until age 65 but can elect to serve until age 70; Constitutional Court judge appointment NA; judges serve nonrenewable 15-year terms |
Subordinate courts | High Court; Labor Court; Administrative Court; regional magistrate courts; customary law courts; special courts |
Diplomatic representation in the US | |
Chief of mission | Ambassador Tadeous Tafirenyika CHIFAMBA (since 7 July 2021) |
Chancery | 1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 |
Telephone | [1] (202) 332-7100 |
FAX | [1] (202) 483-9326 |
Email address and website | [email protected] https://zimembassydc.org/ |
Diplomatic representation from the US | |
Chief of mission | Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Elaine M. FRENCH (since August 2022) |
Embassy | 2 Lorraine Drive, Bluffhill, Harare |
Mailing address | 2180 Harare Place, Washington DC 20521-2180 |
Telephone | [263] 867-701-1000 |
FAX | [263] 24-233-4320 |
Email address and website | [email protected] https://zw.usembassy.gov/ |
National heritage | |
Total World Heritage Sites | 5 (3 cultural, 2 natural) |
Selected World Heritage Site locales | Mana Pools National Park, Sapi, and Chewore Safari Areas (n); Great Zimbabwe National Monument (c); Khami Ruins National Monument (c); Mosi-oa-Tunya/Victoria Falls (n); Matobo Hills (c) |
Want to know more about Zimbabwe? Check all different factbooks for Zimbabwe below.