International Appalachian Trail Voyage Tips and guide

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The International Appalachian Trail (French: Sentier International des Appalaches) is an itinerary primarily in Maine, New Brunswick, Quebec, and Newfoundland and Labrador, with extensions and affiliated trails in Europe and North Africa.

The International Appalachian Trail (IAT) is a long-distance hiking trail that extends the Appalachian Trail concept northwards, following the Appalachian mountain range through Maine, New Brunswick, Quebec, and Newfoundland and Labrador. The trail's conception in 1994 by Richard Anderson was inspired by the geological fact that the Appalachian Mountains are part of an ancient range, the Central Pangean Mountains, which were split when the supercontinent Pangaea broke apart. This geological connection forms the basis for the IAT's expansion into Europe and North Africa, with chapters and affiliated trails in countries like Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, England, Spain, Portugal, and Morocco.

This itinerary focuses primarily on the North American sections of the IAT, which offer a continuous trail experience from the northern terminus of the original Appalachian Trail in Maine, through diverse Canadian landscapes, to the Atlantic coast of Newfoundland. The trail takes hikers through remote wilderness, along rugged coastlines, over challenging peaks, and into culturally rich regions. It celebrates the shared geological and natural heritage of the lands it traverses.

The IAT is not a single, centrally managed trail in the same way as the Appalachian Trail. It consists of various connected trail systems and routes managed by different local, regional, and national organizations in each jurisdiction. This means that trail conditions, marking, and available facilities can vary significantly.

Preparing for a trek on the International Appalachian Trail requires careful planning, especially if tackling longer sections or thru-hiking.

The IAT presents varied and often strenuous terrain, including mountainous regions, remote wilderness, and rugged coastal paths. Hikers should be in good physical condition, with experience in multi-day backpacking. Training should focus on cardiovascular endurance, strength (especially leg and core), and carrying a weighted pack.

In Maine, USA, if starting from Katahdin in Baxter State Park, which is the traditional northern terminus of the AT near the IAT’s start, reservations and permits for camping and hiking Katahdin are required. Check the Baxter State Park Authority website for details. For Katahdin Woods and Waters National Monument, refer to National Park Service guidelines.

In Canada, some sections in New Brunswick pass through provincial parks such as Mount Carleton Provincial Park, where entry or camping fees may apply. In Quebec, sections within Gaspésie National Park and Forillon National Park have park entry fees, and backcountry camping requires permits and reservations. Check with SEPAQ for Quebec provincial parks and Parks Canada.

In Newfoundland and Labrador, hiking in provincial and national parks like Gros Morne National Park may require permits or fees.

When crossing the border from the US into Canada during the hike, you must use an official port of entry. The IAT route is designed to facilitate this, but hikers are responsible for meeting all legal entry requirements for Canada and for re-entry into the US if applicable. This includes having a valid passport and any necessary visas. Always consult official government websites for the latest regulations.

Be aware of the different cultures and languages you will encounter, especially in the French-speaking regions of Quebec and parts of New Brunswick. Learning a few basic French phrases can be helpful and appreciated. Respect private property and local customs. Follow Leave No Trace principles carefully throughout the trail to minimize your impact on the environment. Carry a mix of cash in both US and Canadian dollars, as well as credit or debit cards, since ATMs may not be available in smaller communities.

Accessing the International Appalachian Trail depends on the section you intend to hike.

The IAT officially begins north of Baxter State Park and is often considered to start in Katahdin Woods and Waters National Monument.

By air, Bangor International Airport (BGR) is the closest major airport.

By bus, Concord Coach Lines and Greyhound provide service to towns in Maine, from where you may need to arrange local transport or shuttles.

By car, you can drive to access points near Millinocket or Patten for the southern sections. Parking is available at various trailheads, but be sure to check regulations for overnight parking, especially within the National Monument or Baxter State Park.

Private shuttle services are common for Appalachian Trail hikers around Baxter State Park and may also serve IAT trailheads. Advance booking is usually necessary.

The trail enters New Brunswick near Fort Fairfield, Maine, and Perth-Andover, New Brunswick.

By air, Fredericton International Airport (YFC) and Greater Moncton Roméo LeBlanc International Airport (YQM) are options, though both are still a considerable distance from many trail sections. Presque Isle International Airport (PQI) in Maine is also relatively close to the border.

By car, major highways like the Trans-Canada Highway (Route 2) run through New Brunswick, with provincial roads leading to trail access points such as near Mount Carleton Provincial Park.

When crossing the border, make sure to use an official Canada Border Services Agency port of entry.

The IAT in Quebec crosses the Gaspé Peninsula (Gaspésie).

By air, Mont-Joli Airport (YYY) and Gaspé (Michel-Pouliot) Airport (YGP) serve the region.

By bus, Orléans Express offers services to towns along the Gaspé coast.

By car, Autoroute 20 and Highway 132 loop around the peninsula, providing access to trail towns and parks such as Gaspésie National Park and Forillon National Park.

The Relais Nordik ferry does not serve the Quebec IAT mainland sections directly but connects to Anticosti Island and the Sept-Îles on the Noryh Shore, which are more remote areas of Quebec.

The IAT connection to Newfoundland often involves a conceptual ferry link across the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

The IAT in Newfoundland starts near Port aux Basques, which you reach by ferry from North Sydney, Nova Scotia, and then heads up the west coast of the island.

By air, Deer Lake Regional Airport (YDF) is well located for accessing central and northern sections of the Newfoundland IAT, including Gros Morne National Park. St. John's International Airport (YYT) is on the eastern side of the island and farther from the IAT.

By ferry, Marine Atlantic operates year-round service from North Sydney (Nova Scotia), to Port aux Basques, and seasonal service to Argentia. The Port aux Basques ferry is the main way to bring a vehicle or access the start of the Newfoundland IAT.

By car, the Trans-Canada Highway (Route 1) runs through Newfoundland, with various local roads providing access to trailheads along the island’s western portion.

The International Appalachian Trail offers an immense variety of hiking experiences across its different sections. As of May 2025, the trail is incomplete.

The International Appalachian Trail, while offering incredible experiences, presents various hazards common to long-distance hiking in remote areas.

Black bears are present in most regions of the IAT in North America. Store food securely using bear canisters, properly hung bear bags, or designated bear boxes at campsites. Make noise while hiking to avoid surprising bears. Carry bear spray if you are comfortable using it and if it is permitted. Check regulations carefully, especially for cross-border travel and national parks.

Moose are common, especially in Maine, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland. While generally not aggressive, they can be dangerous if surprised or if they feel threatened, particularly cows with calves, so give them plenty of space.

Mosquitoes, black flies, and ticks are prevalent from late spring through summer. Use insect repellent, wear light-colored clothing, consider treating clothing with permethrin, and use a head net if needed. Check for ticks daily, as Lyme disease is a concern in some areas.

Venomous snakes, such as rattlesnakes, are generally not a major concern on the northern IAT sections, but be aware of their presence in appropriate habitats.

Even in summer, cold, wet, and windy conditions can lead to hypothermia. Dress in layers, carry good rain gear, and know the signs of hypothermia.

During warmer months or on exposed sections, heat exhaustion and heat stroke can be a concern. Drink plenty of water, rest in the shade, and watch for symptoms.

Mountain weather can change rapidly, with thunderstorms common in summer and snow possible at higher elevations even outside of winter. Check weather forecasts when you can and be prepared to adjust your plans accordingly.

Roots, rocks, mud, and steep slopes are common along the trail, increasing the risk of slips, trips, and falls. Wear sturdy footwear and use trekking poles to help maintain stability. Some river and stream crossings may lack bridges and can be dangerous, especially after heavy rain or during snowmelt. Assess each crossing carefully. Unbuckle your pack’s hip belt, consider using dedicated water shoes, and avoid any crossing that appears too risky. Trail markings can vary, so always carry a map and compass (and know how to use them) or a GPS device. Stay alert, pay attention to your surroundings, and make sure someone knows your hiking plans.

Cell coverage is limited or nonexistent in many areas, so it’s wise to carry a personal locator beacon (PLB) or satellite messenger for emergencies. You should also be prepared to be self-sufficient for several days, including carrying enough food, first aid supplies, and equipment for gear repairs, as help may be far away.

Carry a well-stocked first-aid kit and make sure you know how to use it. Know the local emergency numbers; in the US, it is 911, while in remote areas of Canada, services may vary or may not be directly reachable. Understand local emergency procedures before you set out. Leave your itinerary with someone reliable and check in at the times you have arranged.

Completing a section or the entirety of the North American International Appalachian Trail opens up numerous possibilities:

Continue on International Chapters: For the truly adventurous, explore the IAT chapters in Europe (e.g., Scotland's West Highland Way, trails in Ireland, Norway, Spain, Portugal) or even Morocco. Each offers a unique cultural and hiking experience, following the geological remnants of the Appalachian Mountains.

Explore the Appalachian Trail: If you hiked the IAT northbound, consider tackling sections of the original Appalachian Trail southbound from Maine, or explore other iconic parts of this trail.