Labor force | 4.825 million (2023 est.) |
---|---|
Industrial production growth rate | -1.99% (2023 est.) |
Industries | construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber and paper, electronics, tourism |
Population below poverty line | 14.8% (2021 est.) |
Taxes and other revenues | 26.24% (of GDP) (2022 est.) |
Fiscal year | |
Exchange rates | |
Currency | euros (EUR) per US dollar - |
Exchange rates 2023 | 0.925 (2023 est.) |
Exchange rates 2022 | 0.95 (2022 est.) |
Exchange rates 2021 | 0.845 (2021 est.) |
Exchange rates 2020 | 0.876 (2020 est.) |
Exchange rates 2019 | 0.893 (2019 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023 | $31.212 billion (2023 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022 | $33.078 billion (2022 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021 | $33.957 billion (2021 est.) |
Current account balance | |
Current account balance 2023 | $13.686 billion (2023 est.) |
Current account balance 2022 | -$1.29 billion (2022 est.) |
Current account balance 2021 | $7.77 billion (2021 est.) |
Public debt | |
Public debt 2022 | 75.05% of GDP (2022 est.) |
Budget | |
Revenues | $212.218 billion (2022 est.) |
Expenditures | $225.52 billion (2022 est.) |
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) | |
Remittances | |
Remittances 2023 | 0.64% of GDP (2023 est.) |
Remittances 2022 | 0.64% of GDP (2022 est.) |
Remittances 2021 | 0.67% of GDP (2021 est.) |
Household income | |
Lowest 10% | 2.8% (2021 est.) |
Highest 10% | 23.8% (2021 est.) |
Average household expenditures | |
On food | 10.8% of household expenditures (2022 est.) |
On alcohol and tobacco | 3.7% of household expenditures (2022 est.) |
Imports | |
Imports 2023 | $288.146 billion (2023 est.) |
Imports 2022 | $290.277 billion (2022 est.) |
Imports 2021 | $264.231 billion (2021 est.) |
Imports (partners) | Germany 40%, Italy 7%, Czechia 5%, Switzerland 5%, Netherlands 4% (2022) |
Comodities Imports force | cars, refined petroleum, gold, garments, broadcasting equipment (2022) |
Exports | |
Imports 2023 | $288.146 billion (2023 est.) |
Imports 2022 | $290.277 billion (2022 est.) |
Imports 2021 | $264.231 billion (2021 est.) |
Exports (partners) | Germany 28%, US 7%, Italy 7%, Switzerland 5%, Hungary 5% (2022) |
Comodities Exports force | cars, packaged medicine, vaccines, plastic products, electricity (2022) |
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) | |
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023 | $590.354 billion (2023 est.) |
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022 | $595.287 billion (2022 est.) |
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021 | $567.987 billion (2021 est.) |
GDP (official exchange rate) | $516.034 billion (2023 est.) |
Real GDP Per capita | |
Real GDP per capita 2023 | $64,600 (2023 est.) |
Real GDP per capita 2022 | $65,800 (2022 est.) |
Real GDP per capita 2021 | $63,400 (2021 est.) |
GDP - composition, by sector of origin | |
Agriculture | 1.3% (2023 est.) |
Industry | 26.3% (2023 est.) |
Services | 62.3% (2023 est.) |
GDP - composition, by end use | |
Household consumption | 51.8% (2023 est.) |
Government consumption | 20.3% (2023 est.) |
Investment in fixed capital | 24.4% (2023 est.) |
Investment in inventories | 0.9% (2023 est.) |
Exports of goods and services | 59.5% (2023 est.) |
Imports of goods and services | -56.6% (2023 est.) |
Unemployment rate | |
Unemployment rate 2023 | 5.24% (2023 est.) |
Unemployment rate 2022 | 4.99% (2022 est.) |
Unemployment rate 2021 | 6.46% (2021 est.) |
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) | |
Total | 10.9% (2023 est.) |
Male | 10.6% (2023 est.) |
Female | 11.3% (2023 est.) |
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