Climate | We have temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters |
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Revenue from forest resources | 0.01% of GDP (2018 est.) |
Revenue from coal | 0% of GDP (2018 est.) |
Waste and recycling | Municipal solid waste generated annually: 8.855 million tons (2015 est.) |
Total renewable water resources | 91 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Major rivers (by length in km) | Rijn (Rhine) river mouth (shared with Switzerland [s], Germany, and France) - 1,233 km note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth |
Total water withdrawal | |
Municipal | 2.05 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Industrial | 5.94 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Agricultural | 31 million cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Air pollutants | |
Particulate matter emissions | 10.74 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.) |
Carbon dioxide emissions | 170.78 megatons (2016 est.) |
Methane emissions | 17.79 megatons (2020 est.) |
Land Use | |
Agricultural land | 55.1% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: arable land | arable land: 29.8% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent crops | permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent pasture | permanent pasture: 24.2% (2018 est.) |
Forest | 10.8% (2018 est.) |
Other | 34.1% (2018 est.) |
Urbanization | |
Urban population | 93.2% of total population (2023) |
Rate of urbanization | 0.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
Major urban areas (Pop) | 1.174 million AMSTERDAM (capital), 1.018 million Rotterdam (2023). |
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