Climate | We have mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights |
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Revenue from forest resources | |
Revenue from coal | 2.4% of GDP (2018 est.) |
Waste and recycling | Municipal solid waste generated annually: 18,457,232 tons (2011 est.) |
Total renewable water resources | 51.35 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Major rivers (by length in km) | Orange (shared with Lesotho [s], and Namibia [m]) - 2,092 km; Limpoporivier (Limpopo) river source (shared with Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique [m]) - 1,800 km; Vaal [s] - 1,210 km note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth |
Total water withdrawal | |
Municipal | 3.11 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Industrial | 4.09 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Agricultural | 11.99 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
Air pollutants | |
Particulate matter emissions | 19.75 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.) |
Carbon dioxide emissions | 476.64 megatons (2016 est.) |
Methane emissions | 55.89 megatons (2020 est.) |
Land Use | |
Agricultural land | 79.4% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: arable land | arable land: 9.9% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent crops | permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent pasture | permanent pasture: 69.2% (2018 est.) |
Forest | 7.6% (2018 est.) |
Other | 13% (2018 est.) |
Urbanization | |
Urban population | 68.8% of total population (2023) |
Rate of urbanization | 1.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
Major urban areas (Pop) | 10.316 million Johannesburg (includes Ekurhuleni), 4.890 million Cape Town (legislative capital), 3.228 million Durban, 2.818 million PRETORIA (administrative capital), 1.296 million Port Elizabeth, 934,000 West Rand (2023). |
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