Spain - Environment
As far as the environment of Spain is concerned, there have been pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from raw sewage and effluents from the offshore production of oil and gas and drought are negatively impacting water quality and quantity nationwide; air pollution; deforestation; desertification. As for nvironment - international agreements, we have; Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling.
About the environment of Spain
| Climate | We have temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast |
|---|---|
| Revenue from forest resources | 0.02% of GDP (2018 est.) |
| Revenue from coal | 0% of GDP (2018 est.) |
| Waste and recycling | Municipal solid waste generated annually: 20.151 million tons (2015 est.) |
| Total renewable water resources | 111.5 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
| Major rivers (by length in km) | Tagus river source (shared with Portugal [m]) - 1,006 note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth |
| Total water withdrawal | |
| Municipal | 4.56 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
| Industrial | 5.5 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
| Agricultural | 18.96 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
| Air pollutants | |
| Particulate matter emissions | 9.34 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.) |
| Carbon dioxide emissions | 244 megatons (2016 est.) |
| Methane emissions | 36.94 megatons (2020 est.) |
| Land Use | |
| Agricultural land | 54.1% (2018 est.) |
| Agricultural land: arable land | arable land: 24.9% (2018 est.) |
| Agricultural land: permanent crops | permanent crops: 9.1% (2018 est.) |
| Agricultural land: permanent pasture | permanent pasture: 20.1% (2018 est.) |
| Forest | 36.8% (2018 est.) |
| Other | 9.1% (2018 est.) |
| Urbanization | |
| Urban population | 81.6% of total population (2023) |
| Rate of urbanization | 0.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
| Major urban areas (Pop) | 6.751 million MADRID (capital), 5.687 million Barcelona, 838,000 Valencia (2023). |
All Important Facts about Spain
Want to know more about Spain? Check all different factbooks for Spain below.
