Here, let us take a look at the Geography of Spain. Strategic location along approaches to Strait of Gibraltar; Spain controls a number of territories in northern Morocco including the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, and the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas; Spain's Canary Islands are one of four North Atlantic archipelagos that make up Macaronesia; the others are Azores (Portugal), Madeira (Portugal), and Cabo Verde. Mother's mean age at first birth is 31.2 years (2020 est.) (), whereas, the Maternal mortality ratio is 3 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)
Location | Southwestern Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay, and Pyrenees Mountains; southwest of France |
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Geographic coordinates | 40 00 N, 4 00 W |
Map references | Europe |
Tarrain | large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees Mountains in north |
Natural Resources | coal, lignite, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, uranium, tungsten, mercury, pyrites, magnesite, fluorspar, gypsum, sepiolite, kaolin, potash, hydropower, arable land |
Natural Hazards | periodic droughts, occasional flooding volcanism: volcanic activity in the Canary Islands, located off Africa's northwest coast; Teide (3,715 m) has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; La Palma (2,426 m), which last erupted in 1971, is the most active of the Canary Islands volcanoes; Lanzarote is the only other historically active volcano |
Irrigated Land | 37,593 sq km (2020) |
Major rivers (by length in km) | Tagus river source (shared with Portugal [m]) - 1,006 note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth |
Major aquifers | |
Land Boundaries | 1,952.7 km |
Border Countries | Andorra 63 km; France 646 km; Gibraltar 1.2 km; Portugal 1,224 km; Morocco (Ceuta) 8 km and Morocco (Melilla) 10.5 km |
Coastline | 4,964 km |
Climate | temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast |
Area | |
Total Area | |
Land Area | 498,980 sq km |
Water Area | 6,390 sq km |
comparative Area | almost five times the size of Kentucky; slightly more than twice the size of Oregon |
Maritime Claims | |
Territorial sea | 12 nm |
Contiguous zone | 24 nm |
Exclusive economic zone | 200 nm (applies only to the Atlantic Ocean) |
Elevations | |
Highest point | Pico de Teide (Tenerife) on Canary Islands 3,718 m |
Lowest point | Atlantic Ocean 0 m |
Mean elevation | 660 m |
Land Use | |
Agricultural land | 54.1% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: arable land | arable land: 24.9% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent crops | permanent crops: 9.1% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent pasture | permanent pasture: 20.1% (2018 est.) |
Forest | 36.8% (2018 est.) |
Other | 9.1% (2018 est.) |
With the notable exception of Madrid, Sevilla, and Zaragoza, the largest urban agglomerations are found along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts; numerous smaller cities are spread throughout the interior reflecting Spain's agrarian heritage; very dense settlement around the capital of Madrid, as well as the port city of Barcelona
In Spain, the different Ethnic groups are such that we have: Spanish 84.8%, Moroccan 1.7%, Romanian 1.2%, other 12.3% (2021 est.)
Population | |
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Pop growth rate | 0.12% (2024 est.) |
Birth rate | 7.1 births/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
Death rate | 10 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
Health expenditure | 10.7% of GDP (2020) |
Physicians Density | |
Hospital bed Density | 3 beds/1,000 population (2018) |
Total fertility rate | 1.3 children born/woman (2024 est.) |
Gross reproduction rate | 0.64 (2024 est.) |
Contraceptive prevalence rate | 62.1% (2018) |
Est married women (ages 15-49) | 50.1% (2023 est.) |
Literacy | age 15 and over can read and write |
Education expenditures | 4.6% of GDP (2020 est.) |
Net Migration rate | 4.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
Nationality | Spanish | Spaniard(s) |
Languages | |
Religions | Roman Catholic 58.2%, atheist 16.2%, agnostic 10.8%, other 2.7%, non-believer 10.5%, unspecified 1.7% (2021 est.) |
Age Structure | |
0-14 years | 13% (male 3,147,019/female 3,012,821) |
15-64 years | 66.1% (male 15,662,492/female 15,585,138) |
65 years and over | 20.9% (2024 est.) (male 4,259,816/female 5,613,147) |
Dependency Ratios | |
Total dependency ratio | 52.4 |
Youth dependency ratio | 21.9 |
Elderly dependency ratio | 30.2 |
Potential support ratio | 3.3 (2021 est.) |
Median Age | |
Total | 46.8 years (2024 est.) |
Male | 45.7 years |
Female | 47.8 years |
Urbanization | |
Urban population | 81.6% of total population (2023) |
Rate of urbanization | 0.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
Major urban areas (Pop) | 6.751 million MADRID (capital), 5.687 million Barcelona, 838,000 Valencia (2023). |
Sex Ratio | |
At birth | 1.05 male(s)/female |
0-14 years | 1.04 male(s)/female |
15-64 years | 1 male(s)/female |
65 years and over | 0.76 male(s)/female |
Total population | 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.) |
Infant Motality | |
Total | 2.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.) |
Male | 2.7 deaths/1,000 live births |
Female | 2.1 deaths/1,000 live births |
Life Expectancy at birth | |
Total population | 83 years (2024 est.) |
Male | 80.3 years |
Female | 85.8 years |
Drinking Water Sources | |
Improved: urban | urban: 99.9% of population |
Improved: rural | rural: 100% of population |
Improved: total | total: 99.9% of population |
Unimproved: urban | urban: 0.1% of population |
Unimproved: rural | rural: 0% of population |
Unimproved: total | total: 0.1% of population (2020 est.) |
Sanitation facility acess | |
Improved: urban | urban: 100% of population |
Improved: rural | rural: 100% of population |
Improved: total | total: 100% of population |
Unimproved: urban | urban: 0% of population |
Unimproved: rural | rural: 0% of population |
Unimproved: total | total: 0% of population (2020 est.) |
Alcohol consumption per capita | |
Total | 10.72 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Beer | 4.67 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Wine | 3.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Spirits | 2.34 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Other alcohols | 0.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Tobacco use | |
Total | 27.7% (2020 est.) |
Male | 28.6% (2020 est.) |
Female | 26.7% (2020 est.) |
Want to know more about Spain? Check all different factbooks for Spain below.