Climate | We have temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior |
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Revenue from forest resources | |
Revenue from coal | |
Waste and recycling | Municipal solid waste generated annually: 35.374 million tons (2024 est.) |
Total renewable water resources | 211.6 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) |
Major rivers (by length in km) | |
Total water withdrawal | |
Municipal | 7.144 billion cubic meters (2022) |
Industrial | 1.297 billion cubic meters (2022) |
Agricultural | 56.127 billion cubic meters (2022) |
Land Use | |
Agricultural land | 50% (2022 est.) |
Agricultural land: arable land | arable land: 26.2% (2022 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent crops | permanent crops: 4.8% (2022 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent pasture | permanent pasture: 19% (2022 est.) |
Forest | 29.3% (2022 est.) |
Other | 20.7% (2022 est.) |
Urbanization | |
Urban population | 77.5% of total population (2023) |
Rate of urbanization | 1.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
Major urban areas (Pop) | 15.848 million Istanbul, 5.397 million ANKARA (capital), 3.088 million Izmir, 2.086 million Bursa, 1.836 million Adana, 1.805 million Gaziantep (2023). |
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