Turkey - Environment
As far as the environment of Turkey is concerned, there have been water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; land degradation; concern for oil spills from increasing Bosporus ship traffic; conservation of biodiversity. As for nvironment - international agreements, we have; Air Pollution, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands.
About the environment of Turkey
| Climate | We have temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior |
|---|---|
| Revenue from forest resources | 0.08% of GDP (2018 est.) |
| Revenue from coal | 0.05% of GDP (2018 est.) |
| Waste and recycling | Municipal solid waste generated annually: 31.283 million tons (2015 est.) |
| Total renewable water resources | 211.6 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
| Major rivers (by length in km) | Euphrates river source (shared with Syria, Iran, and Iraq [m]) - 3,596 km; Tigris river source (shared with Syria, Iran, and Iraq [m]) - 1,950 km note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth |
| Total water withdrawal | |
| Municipal | 6.91 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
| Industrial | 1.03 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
| Agricultural | 54.27 billion cubic meters (2020 est.) |
| Air pollutants | |
| Particulate matter emissions | 23.25 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.) |
| Carbon dioxide emissions | 372.72 megatons (2016 est.) |
| Methane emissions | 57.53 megatons (2020 est.) |
| Land Use | |
| Agricultural land | 49.7% (2018 est.) |
| Agricultural land: arable land | arable land: 26.7% (2018 est.) |
| Agricultural land: permanent crops | permanent crops: 4% (2018 est.) |
| Agricultural land: permanent pasture | permanent pasture: 19% (2018 est.) |
| Forest | 14.9% (2018 est.) |
| Other | 35.4% (2018 est.) |
| Urbanization | |
| Urban population | 77.5% of total population (2023) |
| Rate of urbanization | 1.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
| Major urban areas (Pop) | 15.848 million Istanbul, 5.397 million ANKARA (capital), 3.088 million Izmir, 2.086 million Bursa, 1.836 million Adana, 1.805 million Gaziantep (2023). |
All Important Facts about Turkey
Want to know more about Turkey? Check all different factbooks for Turkey below.
