Turkey - Government
Based on the etymolgy of Turkey, it was the name means "Land of the Turks". The Government system in this country is the presidential republic type and the different Administrative divisions includes: 81 provinces (iller, singular - ili); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyonkarahisar, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Duzce, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir (Smyrna), Kahramanmaras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mersin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon (Trebizond), Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak
National symbols
Vertical crescent moon with adjacent five-pointed star.
The flag
The National flag of Turkey has .
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The National Anthem
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More about the government of Turkey
| Date of Independence | 29 October 1923 (republic proclaimed, succeeding the Ottoman Empire) |
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| National holiday | Republic Day, 29 October (1923) |
| Legal system | civil law system based on various European systems, notably the Swiss civil code |
| International law organization participation | has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt |
| Constitution | |
| History | Several previous; latest ratified 9 November 1982 |
| Amendment process | Proposed by written consent of at least one third of Grand National Assembly (GNA) of Turkey (TBMM) members; adoption of draft amendments requires two debates in plenary TBMM session and three-fifths majority vote of all GNA members; the president of the republic can request TBMM reconsideration of the amendment and, if readopted by two-thirds majority TBMM vote, the president may submit the amendment to a referendum; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote |
| Citizenship | |
| Citizenship by birth | no |
| Citizenship by descent only | at least one parent must be a citizen of Turkey |
| Dual citizenship recognized | yes, but requires prior permission from the government |
| Residency requirement for naturalization | 5 years |
| Executive Branch | |
| Chief of state | President Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (since 28 August 2014) |
| Head of government | President Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (since 9 July 2018) |
| Cabinet | Council of Ministers appointed by the president |
| Election/appointment process | president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) |
| Most recent election date | 14 May 2023, with a runoff on 28 May 2023 |
| Election results | 2023: Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN reelected president in second round - Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (AKP) 52.2%, Kemal KILICDAROGLU (CHP) 47.8% 2018: Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN reelected president in first round - Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (AKP) 52.6%, Muharrem INCE (CHP) 30.6%, Selahattin DEMIRTAS (HDP) 8.4%, Meral AKSENER (IYI) 7.3%, other 1.1% |
| Expected date of next election | 2028 |
| Legislative branch | |
| Legislature name | Grand National Assembly of Türkiye (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi (T.B.M.M)) |
| Legislative structure | Unicameral |
| Number of seats | 600 (all directly elected) |
| Electoral system | Proportional representation |
| Scope of elections | Full renewal |
| Term in office | 5 years |
| Most recent election date | 5/14/2023 |
| Parties elected and seats per party | Justice and Development Party (AKP) (267); Republican People's Party (CHP) (130); Green and the Left Party of the Future (YSGP) (57); Nationalist Action Party (MHP) (50); Good Party (İyi Party) (44); Other (52) |
| Percentage of women in chamber | 19.9% |
| Expected date of next election | May 2028 |
| Judicial branch | |
| Highest court(s) | Constitutional Court or Anayasa Mahkemesi (consists of the president, 2 vice presidents, and 12 judges); Court of Cassation (consists of about 390 judges and is organized into civil and penal chambers); Council of State (organized into 15 divisions -- 14 judicial and 1 consultative -- each with a division head and at least 5 members) |
| Judge selection and term of office | Constitutional Court members - 3 appointed by the Grand National Assembly and 12 by the president of the republic; court president and 2 deputy court presidents appointed from among its members for 4-year terms; judges serve 12-year, nonrenewable terms with mandatory retirement at age 65; Court of Cassation judges appointed by the Board of Judges and Prosecutors, a 13-member body of judicial officials; Court of Cassation judges serve until retirement at age 65; Council of State members appointed by the Board and by the president of the republic; members serve renewable, 4-year terms |
| Subordinate courts | Regional appeals courts; basic (first instance) courts; peace courts; aggravated crime courts; specialized courts, including administrative and audit |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador Sedat ÖNAL (since 17 June 2024) |
| Chancery | 2525 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
| Telephone | [1] (202) 612-6700 |
| FAX | [1] (202) 612-6744 |
| Email address and website | [email protected] T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı - Turkish Embassy In Washington, D.C. (mfa.gov.tr) |
| Consulate(s) general | Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador Thomas J. BARRACK (since 14 May 2025) |
| Embassy | 1480 Sokak No. 1, Cukurambar Mahallesi, 06530 Cankaya, Ankara |
| Mailing address | 7000 Ankara Place, Washington, DC 20512-7000 |
| Telephone | [90] (312) 294-0000 |
| FAX | [90] (312) 467-0019 |
| Email address and website | [email protected] https://tr.usembassy.gov/ |
| Consulate(s) general | Istanbul |
| Consulate(s) | Adana |
| National heritage | |
| Total World Heritage Sites | 21 (19 cultural, 2 mixed) |
| Selected World Heritage Site locales | Archaeological Site of Troy (c); Ephesus (c); Diyarbakır Fortress and Hevsel Gardens Cultural Landscape (c); Hierapolis-Pamukkale (m); Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia (m); Göbekli Tepe (c); Historic Areas of Istanbul (c); Selimiye Mosque and its Social Complex (c); Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük (c); Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the Birth of the Ottoman Empire (c); Gordion (c); Great Mosque and Hospital of Divriği (c); Hattusha: the Hittite Capital (c); Nemrut Dağ (c); Xanthos-Letoon (c); City of Safranbolu (c); Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape (c); Archaeological Site of Ani (c); Aphrodisias (c); Arslantepe Mound (c); Wooden Hypostyle Mosques of Medieval Anatolia (c); Turkmenistan (c) |
Key Political parties and their leaders in Turkey
Info
International organization participation
All Important Facts about Turkey
Want to know more about Turkey? Check all different factbooks for Turkey below.
