Georgia - Geography
Here, let us take a look at the Geography of Georgia. note 1: strategically located east of the Black Sea; Georgia controls much of the Caucasus Mountains and the routes through them
note 2: the world's four deepest caves are all in Georgia, including two that are the only known caves on earth deeper than 2,000 m: Krubera Cave at -2,197 m (-7,208 ft; reached in 2012) and Veryovkina Cave at -2,212 (-7,257 ft; reached in 2018). Mother's mean age at first birth is 25.9 years (2019 est.) (Note: data does not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia), whereas, the Maternal mortality ratio is 28 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)
Geographical data of Georgia
| Location | Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, with a sliver of land north of the Caucasus extending into Europe; note - Georgia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both |
|---|---|
| Geographic coordinates | 42 00 N, 43 30 E |
| Map references | Asia |
| Tarrain | largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; fertile soils in river valley flood plains and foothills of Kolkhida Lowland |
| Natural Resources | timber, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth |
| Natural Hazards | earthquakes |
| Irrigated Land | 4,330 sq km (2012) |
| Major rivers (by length in km) | |
| Major aquifers | |
| Land Boundaries | 1,814 km |
| Border Countries | Armenia 219 km; Azerbaijan 428 km; Russia 894 km; Turkey 273 km |
| Coastline | 310 km |
| Climate | warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast |
| Area | |
| Total Area | |
| Land Area | 69,700 sq km |
| Water Area | 0 sq km |
| comparative Area | slightly smaller than South Carolina; slightly larger than West Virginia |
| Maritime Claims | |
| Territorial sea | 12 nm |
| Exclusive economic zone | 200 nm |
| Elevations | |
| Highest point | Mt'a Shkhara 5,193 m |
| Lowest point | Black Sea 0 m |
| Mean elevation | 1,432 m |
| Land Use | |
| Agricultural land | 34.3% (2022 est.) |
| Agricultural land: arable land | arable land: 4.5% (2022 est.) |
| Agricultural land: permanent crops | permanent crops: 1.8% (2022 est.) |
| Agricultural land: permanent pasture | permanent pasture: 27.9% (2022 est.) |
| Forest | 40.6% (2022 est.) |
| Other | 25.1% (2022 est.) |
Population Distribution
Settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest
People and Society
In Georgia, the different Ethnic groups are such that we have: Georgian 86.8%, Azeri 6.3%, Armenian 4.5%, other 2.3% (includes Russian, Ossetian, Yazidi, Ukrainian, Kist, Greek) (2014 est.)
| Population | |
|---|---|
| Pop growth rate | -0.5% (2024 est.) |
| Birth rate | 12 births/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
| Death rate | 13.3 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
| Health expenditure | 7.4% of GDP (2022) |
| Physicians Density | |
| Hospital bed Density | 2.9 beds/1,000 population (2014) |
| Total fertility rate | 1.95 children born/woman (2024 est.) |
| Gross reproduction rate | 0.94 (2024 est.) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | 40.6% (2018) |
| Est married women (ages 15-49) | 67.1% (2023 est.) |
| Literacy | age 15 and over can read and write |
| Education expenditures | 3.6% of GDP (2021 est.) |
| Net Migration rate | -3.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
| Nationality | Georgian | Georgian(s) |
| Languages | |
| Religions | Eastern Orthodox Christian (official) 83.4%, Muslim 10.7%, Armenian Apostolic Christian 2.9%, other 1.2% (includes Roman Catholic Christian, Jehovah's Witness, Yazidi, Protestant Christian, Jewish), none 0.5%, unspecified/no answer 1.2% (2014 est.) |
| Age Structure | |
| 0-14 years | 20.6% (male 520,091/female 489,882) |
| 15-64 years | 62.7% (male 1,500,036/female 1,572,637) |
| 65 years and over | 16.7% (2024 est.) (male 322,941/female 495,374) |
| Dependency Ratios | |
| Total dependency ratio | 55.4 |
| Youth dependency ratio | 32.8 |
| Elderly dependency ratio | 22.6 |
| Potential support ratio | 4.4 (2021 est.) |
| Median Age | |
| Total | 38.3 years (2024 est.) |
| Male | 35.9 years |
| Female | 40.6 years |
| Urbanization | |
| Urban population | 60.7% of total population (2023) |
| Rate of urbanization | 0.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
| Major urban areas (Pop) | 1.082 million TBILISI (capital) (2023). |
| Sex Ratio | |
| At birth | 1.07 male(s)/female |
| 0-14 years | 1.06 male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 0.95 male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.65 male(s)/female |
| Total population | 0.92 male(s)/female (2024 est.) |
| Infant Motality | |
| Total | 21.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.) |
| Male | 23.6 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Female | 19.7 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life Expectancy at birth | |
| Total population | 72.8 years (2024 est.) |
| Male | 68.7 years |
| Female | 77.2 years |
| Drinking Water Sources | |
| Improved: urban | urban: 99.4% of population |
| Improved: rural | rural: 94.3% of population |
| Improved: total | total: 97.3% of population |
| Unimproved: urban | urban: 0.6% of population |
| Unimproved: rural | rural: 5.7% of population |
| Unimproved: total | total: 2.7% of population (2020 est.) |
| Sanitation facility acess | |
| Improved: urban | urban: 96.3% of population |
| Improved: rural | rural: 72.7% of population |
| Improved: total | total: 86.7% of population |
| Unimproved: urban | urban: 3.7% of population |
| Unimproved: rural | rural: 27.3% of population |
| Unimproved: total | total: 13.3% of population (2020 est.) |
| Alcohol consumption per capita | |
| Total | 7.45 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Beer | 1.71 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Wine | 3.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Spirits | 2.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Other alcohols | 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Tobacco use | |
| Total | 31.7% (2020 est.) |
| Male | 56.3% (2020 est.) |
| Female | 7.1% (2020 est.) |
| Child marriage | |
| Women married by age 15 | 0.3% |
| Women married by age 18 | 13.9% |
| Men married by age 18 | 0.5% (2018 est.) |
Demographic profile
All Important Facts about Georgia
Want to know more about Georgia? Check all different factbooks for Georgia below.
