Egypt - Government
Based on the etymolgy of Egypt, it was the English name Egypt derives from the ancient Greek name for the country, "Aguptos," and the ancient Roman name, "Aegyptus," with the Greek form coming from the words aia gupos, or "land of the vulture;" the Arabic name for the country, Misr, can be traced to the Assyrian word misir, meaning "fort". The Government system in this country is the presidential republic type and the different Administrative divisions includes: 27 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazat); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum, Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah (Alexandria), Al Isma'iliyah (Ismailia), Al Jizah (Giza), Al Minufiyah, Al Minya, Al Qahirah (Cairo), Al Qalyubiyah, Al Uqsur (Luxor), Al Wadi al Jadid (New Valley), As Suways (Suez), Ash Sharqiyah, Aswan, Asyut, Bani Suwayf, Bur Sa'id (Port Said), Dumyat (Damietta), Janub Sina' (South Sinai), Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh, Qina, Shamal Sina' (North Sinai), Suhaj
National symbols
Golden eagle, white lotus.
The flag
The National flag of Egypt has .
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The National Anthem
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More about the government of Egypt
| Date of Independence | 28 February 1922 (from UK protectorate status; the military-led revolution that began on 23 July 1952 led to a republic being declared on 18 June 1953 and all British troops withdrawn on 18 June 1956) |
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| National holiday | Revolution Day, 23 July (1952) |
| Legal system | mixed system based on Napoleonic civil and penal law, Islamic religious law, and vestiges of colonial-era laws; Supreme Constitutional Court reviews laws |
| International law organization participation | accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt |
| Constitution | |
| History | Several previous; latest approved by a constitutional committee in December 2013, approved by referendum held on 14-15 January 2014, ratified by interim president on 19 January 2014 |
| Amendment process | Proposed by the president of the republic or by one fifth of the House of Representatives members; a decision to accept the proposal requires majority vote by House members; passage of amendment requires a two-thirds majority vote by House members and passage by majority vote in a referendum; articles of reelection of the president and principles of freedom are not amendable unless the amendment "brings more guarantees" |
| Citizenship | |
| Citizenship by birth | no |
| Citizenship by descent only | if the father was born in Egypt |
| Dual citizenship recognized | only with prior permission from the government |
| Residency requirement for naturalization | 10 years |
| Executive Branch | |
| Chief of state | President Abdel Fattah EL-SISI (since 8 June 2014) |
| Head of government | Prime Minister Mostafa MADBOULY (since 7 June 2018) |
| Cabinet | Cabinet ministers nominated by the executive branch and approved by the House of Representatives |
| Election/appointment process | president elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 6-year term (eligible for 3 consecutive terms); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives |
| Most recent election date | 10-12 December 2023 |
| Election results | 2023: Abdel Fattah EL-SISI reelected president in first round; percent of valid votes cast - Abdel Fattah EL-SISI (independent) 89.6%, Hazam OMAR (Republican People’s Party) 4.5%, Farid ZAHRAN (Egyptian Social Democratic Party 4%, Abdel-Samad YAMAMA 1.9% 2018: Abdelfattah ELSISI reelected president in first round; percent of valid votes cast - Abdelfattah ELSISI (independent) 97.1%, Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA (El Ghad Party) 2.9%; note - more than 7% of ballots cast were deemed invalid |
| Expected date of next election | 2029 |
| Legislative branch | |
| Legislative structure | Bicameral |
| Judicial branch | |
| Highest court(s) | Supreme Constitutional Court (SCC) (consists of the court president and 10 justices); the SCC serves as the final court of arbitration on the constitutionality of laws and conflicts between lower courts regarding jurisdiction and rulings; Court of Cassation (CC) (consists of the court president and 550 judges organized in circuits with cases heard by panels of 5 judges); the CC is the highest appeals body for civil and criminal cases, also known as "ordinary justices"; Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) (consists of the court president and NA judges and organized in circuits with cases heard by panels of 5 judges); the SAC is the highest court of the State Council |
| Judge selection and term of office | Under the 2014 constitution, all judges and justices selected and appointed by the Supreme Judiciary Council and approved as a formality by the president of the Republic; judges appointed for life; under the 2019 amendments, the president has the power to appoint heads of judiciary authorities and courts, the prosecutor general, and the head of the Supreme Constitutional Court |
| Subordinate courts | Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; courts of limited jurisdiction; Family Court (established in 2004) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador Motaz Mounir ZAHRAN (since 17 September 2020) |
| Chancery | 3521 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
| Telephone | [1] (202) 895-5400 |
| FAX | (202) 244-4319 |
| Email address and website | [email protected] https://www.egyptembassy.net/ |
| Consulate(s) general | Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador Herro MUSTAFA GARG (since 15 November 2023) |
| Embassy | 5 Tawfik Diab St., Garden City, Cairo |
| Mailing address | 7700 Cairo Place, Washington DC 20512-7700 |
| Telephone | [20-2] 2797-3300 |
| FAX | [20-2] 2797-3200 |
| Email address and website | [email protected] https://eg.usembassy.gov/ |
| Consulate(s) general | Alexandria |
| National heritage | |
| Total World Heritage Sites | 7 (6 cultural, 1 natural) |
| Selected World Heritage Site locales | Memphis and its Necropolis (c); Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis (c); Nubian Monuments (c); Saint Catherine Area (c); Abu Mena (c); Historic Cairo (c); Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley) (n) |
Key Political parties and their leaders in Egypt
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International organization participation
All Important Facts about Egypt
Want to know more about Egypt? Check all different factbooks for Egypt below.
