Peru - Government
Based on the etymolgy of Peru, it was exact meaning is obscure, but the name may derive from a native word "biru" meaning "river". The Government system in this country is the presidential republic type and the different Administrative divisions includes: 25 regions (regiones, singular - region) and 1 province* (provincia); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Lima*, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali
National symbols

Vicuna (a camelid related to the llama); national colors: red, white.

The flag
The National flag of Peru has three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a vicuna (representing fauna), a cinchona tree (the source of quinine, signifying flora), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out coins (denoting mineral wealth); red recalls blood shed for independence, white symbolizes peace.
The National Anthem
Title "Himno Nacional del Peru" (National Anthem of Peru)
Lyric/music Jose DE LA TORRE Ugarte/Jose Bernardo ALZEDO
More about the government of Peru
Date of Independence 28 July 1821 (from Spain)
National holiday Independence Day, 28-29 July (1821)
Legal system civil law system
International law organization participation accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Constitution
History Several previous; latest promulgated 29 December 1993, enacted 31 December 1993
Amendments Proposed by Congress, by the president of the republic with the approval of the Council of Ministers or by petition of at least 0.3% of voters; passage requires absolute majority approval by the Congress membership, followed by approval in a referendum; a referendum is not required if Congress approves the amendment by greater than two-thirds majority vote in each of two successive sessions; amended many times, last in 2021
Citizenship
Citizenship by birth yes
Citizenship by descent only yes
Dual citizenship recognized yes
Residency requirement for naturalization 2 years
Executive Branch
Chief of state President Dina Ercilia BOLUARTE Zegarra (since 7 December 2022) 
Head of government President Dina Ercilia BOLUARTE Zegarra (since 7 December 2022)
Cabinet Council of Ministers appointed by the president
Elections/appointments president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for nonconsecutive terms); election last held on 11 April 2021 with a runoff on 6 June 2021 (next to be held in April 2026)
Election results
2021: Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones (PL) 18.9%, Keiko Sofia FUJIMORI Higuchi (FP) 13.4%, Rafael LOPEZ ALIAGA Cazorla (RP) 11.8%, Hernando DE SOTO Polar (Social Integration Party) 11.6%, Yonhy LESCANO Ancieta (AP) 9.1%, Veronika MENDOZA Frisch (JP) 7.9%, Cesar ACUNA Peralta (APP) 6%, George FORSYTH Sommer (VN) 5.7%, Daniel Belizario URRESTI Elera (PP) 5.6%, other 10%; percent of vote second round - Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones 50.1%, Keiko Sofia FUJIMORI Higuchi 49.9%

2016: Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi (FP) 39.9%, Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard (PPK) 21.1%, Veronika MENDOZA (FA) 18.7%, Alfredo BARNECHEA (AP) 7%, Alan GARCIA (APRA) 5.8%, other 7.5%; percent of vote in second round - Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard 50.1%, Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi 49.9%
Legislative branch
Description Unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru or Congreso de la República del Perú (130 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote to serve single 5-year terms)
Elections Last held on 11 April 2021 (next to be held in April 2026)
Election results
percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - Free Peru 32, Popular Force 24, AP 15, APP 15, AvP 10, RP 9, Democratic Peru 7, We Are Peru 5, PP 5, JP 5, Purple Party 3; composition - men 80, women 50, percentage women 40%
Judicial branch
Highest court(s) Supreme Court (consists of 16 judges and divided into civil, criminal, and constitutional-social sectors)
Judge selection and term of office Justices proposed by the National Board of Justice (a 7-member independent body), nominated by the president, and confirmed by the Congress; justices can serve until mandatory retirement at age 70
Subordinate courts Court of Constitutional Guarantees; Superior Courts or Cortes Superiores; specialized civil, criminal, and mixed courts; 2 types of peace courts in which professional judges and selected members of the local communities preside
Diplomatic representation in the US
Chief of mission Ambassador Alfredo Santiago Carlos FERRERO DIEZ CANSECO (since 27 February 2024)
Chancery 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
Telephone [1] (202) 833-9860
FAX [1] (202) 659-8124
Email address and website
[email protected]

Embassy of Peru in the United States - E-United States - Platform of the Peruvian State (www.gob.pe)
Consulate(s) general Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Hartford (CT), Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (NJ), San Francisco
Diplomatic representation from the US
Chief of mission Ambassador Stephanie SYPTAK-RAMNATH (since 20 June 2024)
Embassy Avenida La Encalada, Cuadra 17 s/n, Surco, Lima 33
Mailing address 3230 Lima Place, Washington DC  20521-3230
Telephone [51] (1) 618-2000
FAX [51] (1) 618-2724
Email address and website
[email protected]

https://pe.usembassy.gov/
National heritage
Total World Heritage Sites 13 (9 cultural, 2 natural, 2 mixed)
Selected World Heritage Site locales Cuzco (c); Machu Picchu (m); Chavin (c); Historic Lima (c); Huascarán National Park (n); Chan Chan (c); Manú National Park (n); Lines and Geoglyphs of Nazca (c); Rio Abiseo National Park (m); Historic Arequipa (c); Sacred City of Caral-Supe (c); Qhapaq Ñan/Andean Road System (c)
Key Political parties and their leaders in Peru
  • International organization participation
  • AIIB
  • APEC
  • BIS
  • CAN
  • CD
  • CELAC
  • EITI (compliant country)
  • FAO
  • G-24
  • G-77
  • IADB
  • IAEA
  • IBRD
  • ICAO
  • ICC (NGOs)
  • ICCt
  • ICRM
  • IDA
  • IFAD
  • IFC
  • IFRCS
  • IHO
  • ILO
  • IMF
  • IMO
  • IMSO
  • Interpol
  • IOC
  • IOM
  • IPU
  • ISO
  • ITSO
  • ITU
  • ITUC (NGOs)
  • LAES
  • LAIA
  • Mercosur (associate)
  • MIGA
  • MINUSTAH
  • MONUSCO
  • NAM
  • OAS
  • OPANAL
  • OPCW
  • Pacific Alliance
  • PCA
  • PROSUR
  • SICA (observer)
  • UN
  • UNAMID
  • UNASUR
  • UNCTAD
  • UNESCO
  • UNHCR
  • UNIDO
  • Union Latina
  • UNISFA
  • UNMISS
  • UNOCI
  • UNOOSA
  • UN Security Council (temporary)
  • UNWTO
  • UPU
  • WCO
  • WFTU (NGOs)
  • WHO
  • WIPO
  • WMO
  • WTO
  • All Important Facts about Peru

    Want to know more about Peru? Check all different factbooks for Peru below.

    Peru is found in South America