The Government of Sudan - The World Countries

Sudan - Government

Based on the etymolgy of Sudan, it was the name "Sudan" derives from the Arabic "bilad-as-sudan" meaning "Land of the Black [peoples]". The Government system in this country is the presidential republic type and the different Administrative divisions includes: 18 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); Blue Nile, Central Darfur, East Darfur, Gedaref, Gezira, Kassala, Khartoum, North Darfur, North Kordofan, Northern, Red Sea, River Nile, Sennar, South Darfur, South Kordofan, West Darfur, West Kordofan, White Nile

National symbols

Secretary bird; national colors: red, white, black, green.

The flag

The National flag of Sudan has three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; colors and design based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I, but the meanings of the colors are expressed as follows: red signifies the struggle for freedom, white is the color of peace, light, and love, black represents the people of Sudan (in Arabic 'Sudan' means black), green is the color of Islam, agriculture, and prosperity.

The National Anthem

Title	"Nahnu Djundulla Djundulwatan" (We Are the Army of God and of Our Land)
Lyric/music	Sayed Ahmad Muhammad SALIH/Ahmad MURJAN

note: adopted 1956; originally served as the anthem of the Sudanese military

More about the government of Sudan

Constitution
Date of Independence	1 January 1956 (from Egypt and the UK)
National holiday	Independence Day, 1 January (1956)
Legal system	mixed legal system of Islamic law and English common law; note - in mid-July 2020, Sudan amended 15 provisions of its 1991 penal code
International law organization participation	accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2008
History	Previous 1973, 1998, 2005 (interim constitution, which was suspended in April 2019); latest initial draft completed by Transitional Military Council in May 2019; revised draft known as the "Draft Constitutional Charter for the 2019 Transitional Period," or “2019 Constitutional Declaration” was signed by the Council and opposition coalition on 4 August 2019
Amendments	Amended 2020 to incorporate the Juba Agreement for Peace in Sudan; the military suspended several provisions of the Constitutional Declaration in October 2021
Citizenship
Citizenship by birth	no
Citizenship by descent only	the father must be a citizen of Sudan
Dual citizenship recognized	no
Residency requirement for naturalization	10 years
Executive Branch
Chief of state	Sovereign Council Chair and Commander-in-Chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces General Abd-al-Fattah al-BURHAN Abd-al-Rahman
Head of government	Sovereign Council Chair and Commander-in-Chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces General Abd-al-Fattah al-BURHAN Abd-al-Rahman
Cabinet	most members of the Council of Ministers were forced from office in October 2021 by the military and subsequently resigned in November 2021; the military allowed a handful of ministers appointed by former armed opposition groups to retain their posts; at present, most of the members of the Council are senior civil servants serving in an acting minister capacity appointed either by Prime Minister HAMDOUK prior to his resignation or by the military
Elections/appointments	the 2019 Constitutional Declaration originally called for elections to be held in late 2022 at the end of the transitional period; that date was pushed back to late 2023 by the Juba Peace Agreement; the methodology for future elections has not yet been defined; according to the 2019 Constitutional Declaration, civilian members of the Sovereign Council and the prime minister were to have been nominated by an umbrella coalition of civilian actors known as the Forces for Freedom and Change; this methodology was followed in selecting HAMDOUK as prime minister in August 2019; the military purports to have suspended this provision of the 2019 Constitutional Declaration in October 2021; Prime Minister HAMDOUK’s restoration to office in November 2021 was the result of an agreement signed between him and Sovereign Council Chair BURHAN; military members of the Sovereign Council are selected by the leadership of the security forces; representatives of former armed groups to the Sovereign Council are selected by the signatories of the Juba Peace Agreement
Election results	NA
Legislative branch
Description	According to the August 2019 Constitutional Declaration, which established Sudan's transitional government, the Transitional Legislative Council (TLC) was to have served as the national legislature during the transitional period until elections could be held; as of June 2023, the TLC had not been established
Elections	Council of State - last held 1 June 2015; dissolved in April 2019 National Assembly - last held on 13-15 April 2015; dissolved in April 2019 note: according to the 2019 Constitutional Declaration, elections for a new legislature are to be held in late 2023
Election results	Council of State - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 35, women 19, percentage women 35.2% National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; former seats by party - NCP 323, DUP 25, Democratic Unionist Party 15, other 44, independent 19; composition - men 296 women 130, percentage women 30.5%; total National Legislature percentage women 31%
Judicial branch
Highest court(s)	National Supreme Court (consists of 70 judges organized into panels of 3 judges and includes 4 circuits that operate outside the capital); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 justices including the court president); note - the Constitutional Court resides outside the national judiciary and has not been appointed since the signature of the 2019 Constitutional Declaration
Judge selection and term of office	National Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges selected by the Supreme Judicial Council, which replaced the National Judicial Service Commission upon enactment of the 2019 Constitutional Declaration
Subordinate courts	Court of Appeal; other national courts; public courts; district, town, and rural courts
Diplomatic representation in the US
Chief of mission	Ambassador Mohamed Abdalla IDRIS (since 16 September 2022)
Chancery	2210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
Telephone	[1] (202) 338-8565
FAX	[1] (202) 667-2406
Email address and website	[email protected] https://www.sudanembassy.org/
Diplomatic representation from the US
Chief of mission	Chargé d'Affaires Daniel RUBENSTEIN (since March 2024)
Embassy	P.O. Box 699, Kilo 10, Soba, Khartoum
Mailing address	2200 Khartoum Place, Washington DC 20521-2200
Telephone	[249] 187-0-22000
Email address and website	[email protected] https://sd.usembassy.gov/
National heritage
Total World Heritage Sites	3 (2 cultural, 1 natural)
Selected World Heritage Site locales	Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region (c); Archaeological Sites of the Island of Meroe (c); Sanganeb Marine National Park and Dungonab Bay – Mukkawar Island Marine National Park (n)