Vertical crescent moon with adjacent five-pointed star.
| Title | |
|---|---|
| Lyric/music |
| Date of Independence | 29 October 1923 (republic proclaimed, succeeding the Ottoman Empire) |
|---|---|
| National holiday | Republic Day, 29 October (1923) |
| Legal system | civil law system based on various European systems, notably the Swiss civil code |
| International law organization participation | has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt |
| Constitution | |
| History | Several previous; latest ratified 9 November 1982 |
| Amendment process | Proposed by written consent of at least one third of Grand National Assembly (GNA) of Turkey (TBMM) members; adoption of draft amendments requires two debates in plenary TBMM session and three-fifths majority vote of all GNA members; the president of the republic can request TBMM reconsideration of the amendment and, if readopted by two-thirds majority TBMM vote, the president may submit the amendment to a referendum; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote |
| Citizenship | |
| Citizenship by birth | no |
| Citizenship by descent only | at least one parent must be a citizen of Turkey |
| Dual citizenship recognized | yes, but requires prior permission from the government |
| Residency requirement for naturalization | 5 years |
| Executive Branch | |
| Chief of state | President Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (since 28 August 2014) |
| Head of government | President Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (since 9 July 2018) |
| Cabinet | Council of Ministers appointed by the president |
| Election/appointment process | president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) |
| Most recent election date | 14 May 2023, with a runoff on 28 May 2023 |
| Election results | 2023: Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN reelected president in second round - Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (AKP) 52.2%, Kemal KILICDAROGLU (CHP) 47.8% 2018: Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN reelected president in first round - Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (AKP) 52.6%, Muharrem INCE (CHP) 30.6%, Selahattin DEMIRTAS (HDP) 8.4%, Meral AKSENER (IYI) 7.3%, other 1.1% |
| Expected date of next election | 2028 |
| Legislative branch | |
| Legislature name | Grand National Assembly of Türkiye (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi (T.B.M.M)) |
| Legislative structure | Unicameral |
| Number of seats | 600 (all directly elected) |
| Electoral system | Proportional representation |
| Scope of elections | Full renewal |
| Term in office | 5 years |
| Most recent election date | 5/14/2023 |
| Parties elected and seats per party | Justice and Development Party (Ak Party) (267); Republican People's Party (CHP) (130); Green and the Left Party of the Future (YSGP) (57); Nationalist Action Party (MHP) (50); Good Party (İyi Party) (44); Other (52) |
| Percentage of women in chamber | 19.9% |
| Expected date of next election | May 2028 |
| Judicial branch | |
| Highest court(s) | Constitutional Court or Anayasa Mahkemesi (consists of the president, 2 vice presidents, and 12 judges); Court of Cassation (consists of about 390 judges and is organized into civil and penal chambers); Council of State (organized into 15 divisions -- 14 judicial and 1 consultative -- each with a division head and at least 5 members) |
| Judge selection and term of office | Constitutional Court members - 3 appointed by the Grand National Assembly and 12 by the president of the republic; court president and 2 deputy court presidents appointed from among its members for 4-year terms; judges serve 12-year, nonrenewable terms with mandatory retirement at age 65; Court of Cassation judges appointed by the Board of Judges and Prosecutors, a 13-member body of judicial officials; Court of Cassation judges serve until retirement at age 65; Council of State members appointed by the Board and by the president of the republic; members serve renewable, 4-year terms |
| Subordinate courts | Regional appeals courts; basic (first instance) courts; peace courts; aggravated crime courts; specialized courts, including administrative and audit |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador Sedat ÖNAL (since 17 June 2024) |
| Chancery | 2525 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
| Telephone | [1] (202) 612-6700 |
| FAX | [1] (202) 612-6744 |
| Email address and website | [email protected] T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı - Turkish Embassy In Washington, D.C. (mfa.gov.tr) |
| Consulate(s) general | Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador Thomas J. BARRACK (since 14 May 2025) |
| Embassy | 1480 Sokak No. 1, Cukurambar Mahallesi, 06530 Cankaya, Ankara |
| Mailing address | 7000 Ankara Place, Washington, DC 20512-7000 |
| Telephone | [90] (312) 294-0000 |
| FAX | [90] (312) 467-0019 |
| Email address and website | [email protected] https://tr.usembassy.gov/ |
| Consulate(s) general | Istanbul |
| Consulate(s) | Adana |
| National heritage | |
| Total World Heritage Sites | 22 (20 cultural, 2 mixed) |
| Selected World Heritage Site locales | Archaeological Site of Troy (c); Ephesus (c); Diyarbakır Fortress and Hevsel Gardens Cultural Landscape (c); Hierapolis-Pamukkale (m); Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia (m); Göbekli Tepe (c); Historic Areas of Istanbul (c); Selimiye Mosque and its Social Complex (c); Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük (c); Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the Birth of the Ottoman Empire (c); Gordion (c); Great Mosque and Hospital of Divriği (c); Hattusha: the Hittite Capital (c); Nemrut Dağ (c); Xanthos-Letoon (c); City of Safranbolu (c); Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape (c); Archaeological Site of Ani (c); Aphrodisias (c); Arslantepe Mound (c); Wooden Hypostyle Mosques of Medieval Anatolia (c); Turkmenistan (c); Sardis and the Lydian Tumuli of Bin Tepe (c) |
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