Germany - Economy
How is the economy of Germany? Based on the information we have, Germany has a leading diversified, export-driven, core EU and eurozone economy; key automotive, chemical, engineering, finance, and green energy industries; growth stalled by energy crisis; tight labor market with falling working-age population; fiscal rebalancing with phaseout of energy price supports. Key agricultural products in this country include: milk, sugar beets, wheat, barley, potatoes, pork, rapeseed, maize, rye, triticale (2022).
More about the economy of Germany
Labor force 44.784 million (2023 est.)
Industrial production growth rate -1.59% (2023 est.)
Industries

iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, automobiles, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles

Population below poverty line 14.8% (2021 est.)
Taxes and other revenues 11.23% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Fiscal year
Exchange rates
Currency euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2023 0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022 0.95 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021 0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020 0.876 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2019 0.893 (2019 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023 $322.7 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022 $293.914 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021 $295.736 billion (2021 est.)
Current account balance
Current account balance 2023 $262.723 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022 $174.831 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021 $312.08 billion (2021 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2017 63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)
Budget
Revenues $1.19 trillion (2022 est.)
Expenditures $1.31 trillion (2022 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Remittances
Remittances 2023 0.46% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022 0.47% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021 0.46% of GDP (2021 est.)
Household income
Lowest 10% 3.1% (2019 est.)
Highest 10% 25.2% (2019 est.)
Average household expenditures
On food 11.8% of household expenditures (2022 est.)
On alcohol and tobacco 3.5% of household expenditures (2022 est.)
Imports
Imports 2023 $1.927 trillion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022 $1.997 trillion (2022 est.)
Imports 2021 $1.798 trillion (2021 est.)
Imports (partners) China 10%, Netherlands 9%, Poland 6%, Belgium 6%, Italy 5% (2022)
Comodities Imports force natural gas, cars, garments, vehicle parts/accessories, crude petroleum (2022)
Exports
Imports 2023 $1.927 trillion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022 $1.997 trillion (2022 est.)
Imports 2021 $1.798 trillion (2021 est.)
Exports (partners) US 10%, France 7%, China 7%, Netherlands 7%, Italy 6% (2022)
Comodities Exports force cars, packaged medicine, vehicle parts/accessories, vaccines, plastic products (2022)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023 $5.23 trillion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022 $5.246 trillion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021 $5.153 trillion (2021 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate) $4.456 trillion (2023 est.)
Real GDP Per capita
Real GDP per capita 2023 $61,900 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022 $62,600 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2021 $61,900 (2021 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
Agriculture 0.7% (2023 est.)
Industry 28.1% (2023 est.)
Services 62.6% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
Household consumption 50.7% (2023 est.)
Government consumption 21.6% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital 21.9% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories 1.6% (2023 est.)
Exports of goods and services 47.1% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services -43% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate 2023 3.05% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2022 3.14% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2021 3.64% (2021 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
Total 6% (2023 est.)
Male 6.7% (2023 est.)
Female 5.1% (2023 est.)
All Important Facts about Germany

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Germany is found in Western Europe