Germany - Geography
Here, let us take a look at the Geography of Germany. Strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea; most major rivers in Germany -- the Rhine, Weser, Oder, Elbe -- flow northward; the Danube, which originates in the Black Forest, flows eastward. Mother's mean age at first birth is 29.9 years (2020 est.) (), whereas, the Maternal mortality ratio is 4 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Geographical data of Germany
| Location | Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark |
|---|---|
| Geographic coordinates | 51 00 N, 9 00 E |
| Map references | Europe |
| Tarrain | lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south |
| Natural Resources | coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, construction materials, timber, arable land |
| Natural Hazards | flooding |
| Irrigated Land | 5,065 sq km (2020) |
| Major rivers (by length in km) | Donau (Danube) river source (shared with Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km; Elbe river mouth (shared with Czechia [s]) - 1,252 km; Rhein (Rhine) (shared with Switzerland [s], France, and Netherlands [m]) - 1,233 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth |
| Major aquifers | |
| Land Boundaries | 3,694 km |
| Border Countries | Austria 801 km; Belgium 133 km; Czechia 704 km; Denmark 140 km; France 418 km; Luxembourg 128 km; Netherlands 575 km; Poland 447 km; Switzerland 348 km |
| Coastline | 2,389 km |
| Climate | temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind |
| Area | |
| Total Area | |
| Land Area | 348,672 sq km |
| Water Area | 8,350 sq km |
| comparative Area | three times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Montana |
| Maritime Claims | |
| Territorial sea | 12 nm |
| Exclusive economic zone | 200 nm |
| Continental shelf | 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
| Elevations | |
| Highest point | Zugspitze 2,963 m |
| Lowest point | Neuendorf bei Wilster -3.5 m |
| Mean elevation | 263 m |
| Land Use | |
| Agricultural land | 47.5% (2022 est.) |
| Agricultural land: arable land | arable land: 33.4% (2022 est.) |
| Agricultural land: permanent crops | permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.) |
| Agricultural land: permanent pasture | permanent pasture: 13.5% (2022 est.) |
| Forest | 32.7% (2022 est.) |
| Other | 19.8% (2022 est.) |
Population Distribution
Second most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far-western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia
People and Society
In Germany, the different Ethnic groups are such that we have: German 85.4%, Turkish 1.8%, Ukrainian 1.4%, Syrian 1.1%, Romanian 1%, Poland 1%, other/stateless/unspecified 8.3% (2022 est.)
| Population | |
|---|---|
| Pop growth rate | -0.12% (2024 est.) |
| Birth rate | 8.9 births/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
| Death rate | 12 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
| Health expenditure | |
| Physicians Density | |
| Hospital bed Density | 7.8 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.) |
| Total fertility rate | 1.58 children born/woman (2024 est.) |
| Gross reproduction rate | 0.77 (2024 est.) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | |
| Est married women (ages 15-49) | 54.4% (2023 est.) |
| Literacy | |
| Education expenditures | |
| Net Migration rate | 1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
| Nationality | German | German(s) |
| Languages | |
| Religions | Roman Catholic 24.8%, Protestant 22.6%, Muslim 3.7%, other 5.1%, none 43.8% (2022 est.) |
| Age Structure | |
| 0-14 years | 13.8% (male 5,925,800/female 5,688,603) |
| 15-64 years | 62.5% (male 26,705,657/female 25,875,865) |
| 65 years and over | 23.7% (2024 est.) (male 8,941,245/female 10,981,930) |
| Dependency Ratios | |
| Total dependency ratio | 60 (2024 est.) |
| Youth dependency ratio | 22.1 (2024 est.) |
| Elderly dependency ratio | 37.9 (2024 est.) |
| Potential support ratio | 2.6 (2024 est.) |
| Median Age | |
| Total | 46.8 years (2024 est.) |
| Male | 45.5 years |
| Female | 48.3 years |
| Urbanization | |
| Urban population | 77.8% of total population (2023) |
| Rate of urbanization | 0.13% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
| Major urban areas (Pop) | 3.574 million BERLIN (capital), 1.788 million Hamburg, 1.576 million Munich, 1.144 million Cologne, 796,000 Frankfurt (2023). |
| Sex Ratio | |
| At birth | 1.05 male(s)/female |
| 0-14 years | 1.04 male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 1.03 male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.81 male(s)/female |
| Total population | 0.98 male(s)/female (2024 est.) |
| Infant Motality | |
| Total | 3.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.) |
| Male | 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Female | 2.7 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life Expectancy at birth | |
| Total population | 81.9 years (2024 est.) |
| Male | 79.6 years |
| Female | 84.4 years |
| Drinking Water Sources | |
| Improved: urban | urban: 100% of population (2022 est.) |
| Improved: rural | rural: 100% of population (2022 est.) |
| Improved: total | total: 100% of population (2022 est.) |
| Unimproved: urban | urban: 0% of population (2022 est.) |
| Unimproved: rural | rural: 0% of population (2022 est.) |
| Unimproved: total | total: 0% of population (2022 est.) |
| Sanitation facility acess | |
| Improved: urban | urban: 100% of population (2022 est.) |
| Improved: rural | rural: 100% of population (2022 est.) |
| Improved: total | total: 100% of population (2022 est.) |
| Unimproved: urban | urban: 0% of population (2022 est.) |
| Unimproved: rural | rural: 0% of population (2022 est.) |
| Unimproved: total | total: 0% of population (2022 est.) |
| Alcohol consumption per capita | |
| Total | 10.56 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Beer | 5.57 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Wine | 3.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Spirits | 1.97 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Other alcohols | 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Tobacco use | |
| Total | 17.2% (2025 est.) |
| Male | 19.4% (2025 est.) |
| Female | 15% (2025 est.) |
Demographic profile
All Important Facts about Germany
Want to know more about Germany? Check all different factbooks for Germany below.
