Here, let us take a look at the Geography of Germany. Strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea; most major rivers in Germany -- the Rhine, Weser, Oder, Elbe -- flow northward; the Danube, which originates in the Black Forest, flows eastward. Mother's mean age at first birth is 29.9 years (2020 est.) (), whereas, the Maternal mortality ratio is 4 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)
Location | Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark |
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Geographic coordinates | 51 00 N, 9 00 E |
Map references | Europe |
Tarrain | lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south |
Natural Resources | coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, construction materials, timber, arable land |
Natural Hazards | flooding |
Irrigated Land | 5,056 sq km (2020) |
Major rivers (by length in km) | Donau (Danube) river source (shared with Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km; Elbe river mouth (shared with Czechia [s]) - 1,252 km; Rhein (Rhine) (shared with Switzerland [s], France, and Netherlands [m]) - 1,233 km note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth |
Major aquifers | |
Land Boundaries | 3,694 km |
Border Countries | Austria 801 km; Belgium 133 km; Czechia 704 km; Denmark 140 km; France 418 km; Luxembourg 128 km; Netherlands 575 km; Poland 447 km; Switzerland 348 km |
Coastline | 2,389 km |
Climate | temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind |
Area | |
Total Area | |
Land Area | 348,672 sq km |
Water Area | 8,350 sq km |
comparative Area | three times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Montana |
Maritime Claims | |
Territorial sea | 12 nm |
Exclusive economic zone | 200 nm |
Continental shelf | 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
Elevations | |
Highest point | Zugspitze 2,963 m |
Lowest point | Neuendorf bei Wilster -3.5 m |
Mean elevation | 263 m |
Land Use | |
Agricultural land | 48% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: arable land | arable land: 34.1% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent crops | permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent pasture | permanent pasture: 13.3% (2018 est.) |
Forest | 31.8% (2018 est.) |
Other | 20.2% (2018 est.) |
Second most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia
In Germany, the different Ethnic groups are such that we have: German 85.4%, Turkish 1.8%, Ukrainian 1.4%, Syrian 1.1%, Romanian 1%, Poland 1%, other/stateless/unspecified 8.3% (2022 est.)
Population | |
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Pop growth rate | -0.12% (2024 est.) |
Birth rate | 8.9 births/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
Death rate | 12 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
Health expenditure | 12.8% of GDP (2020) |
Physicians Density | |
Hospital bed Density | 8 beds/1,000 population (2017) |
Total fertility rate | 1.58 children born/woman (2024 est.) |
Gross reproduction rate | 0.77 (2024 est.) |
Contraceptive prevalence rate | 67% (2018) |
Est married women (ages 15-49) | 54.4% (2023 est.) |
Literacy | |
Education expenditures | 4.7% of GDP (2020 est.) |
Net Migration rate | 1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
Nationality | German | German(s) |
Languages | |
Religions | Roman Catholic 24.8%, Protestant 22.6%, Muslim 3.7%, other 5.1%, none 43.8% (2022 est.) |
Age Structure | |
0-14 years | 13.8% (male 5,925,800/female 5,688,603) |
15-64 years | 62.5% (male 26,705,657/female 25,875,865) |
65 years and over | 23.7% (2024 est.) (male 8,941,245/female 10,981,930) |
Dependency Ratios | |
Total dependency ratio | 56.4 |
Youth dependency ratio | 21.7 |
Elderly dependency ratio | 34.7 |
Potential support ratio | 2.9 (2021 est.) |
Median Age | |
Total | 46.8 years (2024 est.) |
Male | 45.5 years |
Female | 48.3 years |
Urbanization | |
Urban population | 77.8% of total population (2023) |
Rate of urbanization | 0.13% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
Major urban areas (Pop) | 3.574 million BERLIN (capital), 1.788 million Hamburg, 1.576 million Munich, 1.144 million Cologne, 796,000 Frankfurt (2023). |
Sex Ratio | |
At birth | 1.05 male(s)/female |
0-14 years | 1.04 male(s)/female |
15-64 years | 1.03 male(s)/female |
65 years and over | 0.81 male(s)/female |
Total population | 0.98 male(s)/female (2024 est.) |
Infant Motality | |
Total | 3.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.) |
Male | 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births |
Female | 2.7 deaths/1,000 live births |
Life Expectancy at birth | |
Total population | 81.9 years (2024 est.) |
Male | 79.6 years |
Female | 84.4 years |
Drinking Water Sources | |
Improved: urban | urban: 100% of population |
Improved: rural | rural: 100% of population |
Improved: total | total: 100% of population |
Unimproved: urban | urban: 0% of population |
Unimproved: rural | rural: 0% of population |
Unimproved: total | total: 0% of population (2020 est.) |
Sanitation facility acess | |
Improved: urban | urban: 100% of population |
Improved: rural | rural: 100% of population |
Improved: total | total: 100% of population |
Unimproved: urban | urban: 0% of population |
Unimproved: rural | rural: 0% of population |
Unimproved: total | total: 0% of population (2020 est.) |
Alcohol consumption per capita | |
Total | 10.56 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Beer | 5.57 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Wine | 3.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Spirits | 1.97 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Other alcohols | 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Tobacco use | |
Total | 22% (2020 est.) |
Male | 24.1% (2020 est.) |
Female | 19.9% (2020 est.) |
Want to know more about Germany? Check all different factbooks for Germany below.