Germany - Geography

Here, let us take a look at the Geography of Germany. Strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea; most major rivers in Germany -- the Rhine, Weser, Oder, Elbe -- flow northward; the Danube, which originates in the Black Forest, flows eastward. Mother's mean age at first birth is 29.9 years (2020 est.) (), whereas, the Maternal mortality ratio is 4 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Geographical data of Germany
Location Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark
Geographic coordinates 51 00 N, 9 00 E
Map references Europe
Tarrain lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south
Natural Resources coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, construction materials, timber, arable land
Natural Hazards flooding
Irrigated Land 5,056 sq km (2020)
Major rivers (by length in km) Donau (Danube) river source (shared with Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km; Elbe river mouth (shared with Czechia [s]) - 1,252 km; Rhein (Rhine) (shared with Switzerland [s], France, and Netherlands [m]) - 1,233 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major aquifers
Land Boundaries 3,694 km
Border Countries Austria 801 km; Belgium 133 km; Czechia 704 km; Denmark 140 km; France 418 km; Luxembourg 128 km; Netherlands 575 km; Poland 447 km; Switzerland 348 km
Coastline 2,389 km
Climate temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind
Area
Total Area
Land Area 348,672 sq km
Water Area 8,350 sq km
comparative Area three times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Montana
Maritime Claims
Territorial sea 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone 200 nm
Continental shelf 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Elevations
Highest point Zugspitze 2,963 m
Lowest point Neuendorf bei Wilster -3.5 m
Mean elevation 263 m
Land Use
Agricultural land 48% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land arable land: 34.1% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture permanent pasture: 13.3% (2018 est.)
Forest 31.8% (2018 est.)
Other 20.2% (2018 est.)
Population Distribution

Second most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia

People and Society

In Germany, the different Ethnic groups are such that we have: German 85.4%, Turkish 1.8%, Ukrainian 1.4%, Syrian 1.1%, Romanian 1%, Poland 1%, other/stateless/unspecified 8.3% (2022 est.)

Population
Pop growth rate -0.12% (2024 est.)
Birth rate 8.9 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Death rate 12 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Health expenditure 12.8% of GDP (2020)
Physicians Density
Hospital bed Density 8 beds/1,000 population (2017)
Total fertility rate 1.58 children born/woman (2024 est.)
Gross reproduction rate 0.77 (2024 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate 67% (2018)
Est married women (ages 15-49) 54.4% (2023 est.)
Literacy
Education expenditures 4.7% of GDP (2020 est.)
Net Migration rate 1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Nationality German | German(s)
Languages
Religions Roman Catholic 24.8%, Protestant 22.6%, Muslim 3.7%, other 5.1%, none 43.8% (2022 est.)
Age Structure
0-14 years 13.8% (male 5,925,800/female 5,688,603)
15-64 years 62.5% (male 26,705,657/female 25,875,865)
65 years and over 23.7% (2024 est.) (male 8,941,245/female 10,981,930)
Dependency Ratios
Total dependency ratio 56.4
Youth dependency ratio 21.7
Elderly dependency ratio 34.7
Potential support ratio 2.9 (2021 est.)
Median Age
Total 46.8 years (2024 est.)
Male 45.5 years
Female 48.3 years
Urbanization
Urban population 77.8% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization 0.13% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas (Pop) 3.574 million BERLIN (capital), 1.788 million Hamburg, 1.576 million Munich, 1.144 million Cologne, 796,000 Frankfurt (2023).
Sex Ratio
At birth 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.81 male(s)/female
Total population 0.98 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Infant Motality
Total 3.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births
Female 2.7 deaths/1,000 live births
Life Expectancy at birth
Total population 81.9 years (2024 est.)
Male 79.6 years
Female 84.4 years
Drinking Water Sources
Improved: urban urban: 100% of population
Improved: rural rural: 100% of population
Improved: total total: 100% of population
Unimproved: urban urban: 0% of population
Unimproved: rural rural: 0% of population
Unimproved: total total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
Sanitation facility acess
Improved: urban urban: 100% of population
Improved: rural rural: 100% of population
Improved: total total: 100% of population
Unimproved: urban urban: 0% of population
Unimproved: rural rural: 0% of population
Unimproved: total total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
Total 10.56 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Beer 5.57 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Wine 3.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Spirits 1.97 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Other alcohols 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
Total 22% (2020 est.)
Male 24.1% (2020 est.)
Female 19.9% (2020 est.)
Demographic profile
All Important Facts about Germany

Want to know more about Germany? Check all different factbooks for Germany below.

Germany is found in Western Europe