high-income, export-based EU and eurozone economy; major timber, metals, engineering, telecom, and electronics industries; emerging from recession triggered by inflation, weak consumer and export demand, and lower private investment; labor market reform plan to address structural rigidities
. Key agricultural products in this country include: milk, barley, oats, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, pork, chicken, peas, beef (2022).Labor force | 2.88 million (2023 est.) |
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Industrial production growth rate | -2.72% (2023 est.) |
Industries | metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing |
Population below poverty line | 12.2% (2022 est.) |
Taxes and other revenues | 21.08% (of GDP) (2022 est.) |
Fiscal year | |
Exchange rates | |
Currency | euros (EUR) per US dollar - |
Exchange rates 2023 | 0.925 (2023 est.) |
Exchange rates 2022 | 0.95 (2022 est.) |
Exchange rates 2021 | 0.845 (2021 est.) |
Exchange rates 2020 | 0.876 (2020 est.) |
Exchange rates 2019 | 0.893 (2019 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023 | $16.929 billion (2023 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022 | $16.036 billion (2022 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021 | $16.744 billion (2021 est.) |
Current account balance | |
Current account balance 2023 | -$4.364 billion (2023 est.) |
Current account balance 2022 | -$7.074 billion (2022 est.) |
Current account balance 2021 | $1.222 billion (2021 est.) |
Public debt | |
Public debt 2017 | 61.3% of GDP (2017 est.) |
Budget | |
Revenues | $105.182 billion (2022 est.) |
Expenditures | $106.991 billion (2022 est.) |
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) | |
Remittances | |
Remittances 2023 | 0.23% of GDP (2023 est.) |
Remittances 2022 | 0.23% of GDP (2022 est.) |
Remittances 2021 | 0.23% of GDP (2021 est.) |
Household income | |
Lowest 10% | 3.8% (2021 est.) |
Highest 10% | 22.9% (2021 est.) |
Average household expenditures | |
On food | 11.9% of household expenditures (2022 est.) |
On alcohol and tobacco | 5.1% of household expenditures (2022 est.) |
Imports | |
Imports 2023 | $124.221 billion (2023 est.) |
Imports 2022 | $134.575 billion (2022 est.) |
Imports 2021 | $116.72 billion (2021 est.) |
Imports (partners) | Sweden 15%, Germany 14%, China 8%, Norway 7%, Netherlands 6% (2022) |
Comodities Imports force | crude petroleum, refined petroleum, cars, garments, electricity (2022) |
Exports | |
Imports 2023 | $124.221 billion (2023 est.) |
Imports 2022 | $134.575 billion (2022 est.) |
Imports 2021 | $116.72 billion (2021 est.) |
Exports (partners) | Germany 11%, US 10%, Sweden 10%, Netherlands 7%, China 5% (2022) |
Comodities Exports force | paper, refined petroleum, steel, wood pulp, wood (2022) |
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) | |
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023 | $321.126 billion (2023 est.) |
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022 | $324.486 billion (2022 est.) |
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021 | $320.209 billion (2021 est.) |
GDP (official exchange rate) | $300.187 billion (2023 est.) |
Real GDP Per capita | |
Real GDP per capita 2023 | $57,500 (2023 est.) |
Real GDP per capita 2022 | $58,400 (2022 est.) |
Real GDP per capita 2021 | $57,800 (2021 est.) |
GDP - composition, by sector of origin | |
Agriculture | 2.5% (2023 est.) |
Industry | 24.5% (2023 est.) |
Services | 60.7% (2023 est.) |
GDP - composition, by end use | |
Household consumption | 52.5% (2023 est.) |
Government consumption | 25.2% (2023 est.) |
Investment in fixed capital | 23.4% (2023 est.) |
Investment in inventories | -0.7% (2023 est.) |
Exports of goods and services | 41% (2023 est.) |
Imports of goods and services | -41.4% (2023 est.) |
Unemployment rate | |
Unemployment rate 2023 | 7.16% (2023 est.) |
Unemployment rate 2022 | 6.72% (2022 est.) |
Unemployment rate 2021 | 7.61% (2021 est.) |
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) | |
Total | 15.9% (2023 est.) |
Male | 16.4% (2023 est.) |
Female | 15.5% (2023 est.) |
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