Lion; national colors: blue, white.
Title | "Maamme" (Our Land) |
---|---|
Lyric/music | Johan Ludvig RUNEBERG/Fredrik PACIUS |
Date of Independence | 6 December 1917 (from Russia) |
---|---|
National holiday | Independence Day, 6 December (1917) |
Legal system | civil law system based on the Swedish model |
International law organization participation | accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction |
Constitution | |
History | Previous 1906, 1919; latest drafted 17 June 1997, approved by Parliament 11 June 1999, entered into force 1 March 2000 |
Amendments | Proposed by Parliament; passage normally requires simple majority vote in two readings in the first parliamentary session and at least two-thirds majority vote in a single reading by the newly elected Parliament; proposals declared "urgent" by five-sixths of Parliament members can be passed by at least two-thirds majority vote in the first parliamentary session only; amended several times, last in 2018 |
Citizenship | |
Citizenship by birth | no |
Citizenship by descent only | at least one parent must be a citizen of Finland |
Dual citizenship recognized | yes |
Residency requirement for naturalization | 6 years |
Executive Branch | |
Chief of state | President Alexander STUBB (since 1 March 2024) |
Head of government | Prime Minister Petteri ORPO (since 20 June 2023) |
Cabinet | Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament |
Elections/appointments | president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); first round held on 28 January 2024 with a runoff on 11 February 2024 (next to be held by 28 January 2030); prime minister appointed by Parliament |
Election results | 2024: Alexander STUBB elected in the second round; percent of vote in the first round - Alexander STUBB (KoK) 27.2%, Pekka HAAVISTO (Vihr) 25.8%, Jussi HALLA-AHO (PS) 19.0%, Olli REHN (Kesk) 15.3%; percent of vote in second round - STUBB 51.6%, HAAVISTO 48.4% 2018: Sauli NIINISTO reelected president; percent of vote - Sauli NIINISTO (independent) 62.7%, Pekka HAAVISTO (Vihr) 12.4%, Laura HUHTASAARI (PS) 6.9%, Paavo VAYRYNEN (independent) 6.2%, Matti VANHANEN (Kesk) 4.1%, other 7.7% |
Legislative branch | |
Description | Unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; 199 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member in the province of Aland directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms) |
Elections | Last held on 2 April 2023 (next to be held on 30 April 2027) |
Election results | Percent of vote by party/coalition - Kok 24%, PS 23%, SDP 21.5%. Center Party 11.5%, Vihr 6.5%, Vas 5.5%, SFP 4.5%, KD 2.5%, Aland 0.5%; Movement Now 0.5%; seats by party/coalition - Kok 48, PS 46, SDP 43, Center Party 23, Vihr 13, Vas 11, SFP 9, KD 5; Aland 1; Movement Now 1; composition - men 108, women 92, percentage women 46% |
Judicial branch | |
Highest court(s) | Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (consists of the court president and 18 judges); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 21 judges, including the court president and organized into 3 chambers); note - Finland has a dual judicial system - courts with civil and criminal jurisdiction and administrative courts with jurisdiction for litigation between individuals and administrative organs of the state and communities |
Judge selection and term of office | Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court judges appointed by the president of the republic; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 68 |
Subordinate courts | 6 Courts of Appeal; 8 regional administrative courts; 27 district courts; special courts for issues relating to markets, labor, insurance, impeachment, land, tenancy, and water rights |
Diplomatic representation in the US | |
Chief of mission | Ambassador Leena-Kaisa MIKKOLA (since 18 September 2024) |
Chancery | 3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
Telephone | [1] (202) 298-5800 |
FAX | [1] (202) 298-6030 |
Email address and website | [email protected] https://finlandabroad.fi/web/usa/mission |
Consulate(s) general | Los Angeles, New York |
Diplomatic representation from the US | |
Chief of mission | Ambassador Douglas HICKEY (since 11 May 2022) |
Embassy | Itainen Puistotie 14 B, 00140 Helsinki |
Mailing address | 5310 Helsinki Place, Washington DC 20521-5310 |
Telephone | [358] (9) 616-250 |
FAX | [358] (9) 174-681 |
Email address and website | [email protected] https://fi.usembassy.gov/ |
National heritage | |
Total World Heritage Sites | 7 (6 cultural, 1 natural) |
Selected World Heritage Site locales | Fortress of Suomenlinna (c); Old Rauma (c); Petäjävesi Old Church (c); Verla Groundwood and Board Mill (c); Bronze Age Burial Site of Sammallahdenmäki (c); High Coast / Kvarken Archipelago (n); Struve Geodetic Arc (c) |
Want to know more about Finland? Check all different factbooks for Finland below.