Here, let us take a look at the Geography of Finland. Long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain. Mother's mean age at first birth is 29.5 years (2020 est.) (), whereas, the Maternal mortality ratio is 8 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)
Location | Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia |
---|---|
Geographic coordinates | 64 00 N, 26 00 E |
Map references | Europe |
Tarrain | mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills |
Natural Resources | timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone |
Natural Hazards | severe winters in the north |
Irrigated Land | 80 sq km (2015) |
Major rivers (by length in km) | |
Major aquifers | |
Land Boundaries | 2,563 km |
Border Countries | Norway 709 km; Sweden 545 km; Russia 1,309 km |
Coastline | 1,250 km |
Climate | cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes |
Area | |
Total Area | |
Land Area | 303,815 sq km |
Water Area | 34,330 sq km |
comparative Area | slightly more than two times the size of Georgia; slightly smaller than Montana |
Maritime Claims | |
Territorial sea | 12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm) |
Contiguous zone | 24 nm |
Continental shelf | 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
Exclusive fishing zone | 12 nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden, Estonia, and Russia |
Elevations | |
Highest point | Halti (alternatively Haltia, Haltitunturi, Haltiatunturi) 1,328 m |
Lowest point | Baltic Sea 0 m |
Mean elevation | 164 m |
Land Use | |
Agricultural land | 7.5% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: arable land | arable land: 7.4% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent crops | permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent pasture | permanent pasture: 0.1% (2018 est.) |
Forest | 72.9% (2018 est.) |
Other | 19.6% (2018 est.) |
The vast majority of people are found in the south; the northern interior areas remain sparsely populated
In Finland, the different Ethnic groups are such that we have: Finnish, Swedish, Russian, Estonian, Romani, Sami
Population | |
---|---|
Pop growth rate | 0.2% (2024 est.) |
Birth rate | 10.2 births/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
Death rate | 10.4 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
Health expenditure | 9.6% of GDP (2020) |
Physicians Density | |
Hospital bed Density | 3.6 beds/1,000 population (2018) |
Total fertility rate | 1.74 children born/woman (2024 est.) |
Gross reproduction rate | 0.85 (2024 est.) |
Contraceptive prevalence rate | 85.5% (2015) |
Est married women (ages 15-49) | 57.2% (2023 est.) |
Literacy | |
Education expenditures | 5.9% of GDP (2020 est.) |
Net Migration rate | 2.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
Nationality | Finnish | Finn(s) |
Languages | |
Religions | Lutheran 66.6%, Greek Orthodox 1.1%, other 1.7%, none 30.6% (2022 est.) |
Age Structure | |
0-14 years | 16.2% (male 464,939/female 444,585) |
15-64 years | 60.3% (male 1,725,072/female 1,668,604) |
65 years and over | 23.5% (2024 est.) (male 583,645/female 739,569) |
Dependency Ratios | |
Total dependency ratio | 62.1 |
Youth dependency ratio | 25 |
Elderly dependency ratio | 37.1 |
Potential support ratio | 2.7 (2021 est.) |
Median Age | |
Total | 43.3 years (2024 est.) |
Male | 41.8 years |
Female | 44.9 years |
Urbanization | |
Urban population | 85.8% of total population (2023) |
Rate of urbanization | 0.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
Major urban areas (Pop) | 1.338 million HELSINKI (capital) (2023). |
Sex Ratio | |
At birth | 1.05 male(s)/female |
0-14 years | 1.05 male(s)/female |
15-64 years | 1.03 male(s)/female |
65 years and over | 0.79 male(s)/female |
Total population | 0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.) |
Infant Motality | |
Total | 2.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.) |
Male | 2.3 deaths/1,000 live births |
Female | 1.9 deaths/1,000 live births |
Life Expectancy at birth | |
Total population | 82.2 years (2024 est.) |
Male | 79.3 years |
Female | 85.2 years |
Drinking Water Sources | |
Improved: urban | urban: 100% of population |
Improved: rural | rural: 100% of population |
Improved: total | total: 100% of population |
Unimproved: urban | urban: 0% of population |
Unimproved: rural | rural: 0% of population |
Unimproved: total | total: 0% of population (2020 est.) |
Sanitation facility acess | |
Improved: urban | urban: 100% of population |
Improved: rural | rural: 100% of population |
Improved: total | total: 100% of population |
Unimproved: urban | urban: 0% of population |
Unimproved: rural | rural: 0% of population |
Unimproved: total | total: 0% of population (2020 est.) |
Alcohol consumption per capita | |
Total | 8.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Beer | 3.76 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Wine | 1.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Spirits | 1.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Other alcohols | 0.91 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Tobacco use | |
Total | 21.6% (2020 est.) |
Male | 26.9% (2020 est.) |
Female | 16.3% (2020 est.) |
Child marriage | |
Women married by age 18 | 0.1% (2017 est.) |
Finland has a relatively high fertility rate for Europe at about 1.75 children per woman in 2023. Finnish women have high labor force participation rates, and their educational attainment is higher than that of Finnish men. Finland’s family policy, like other Nordic countries, puts an emphasis on reconciling work and family life. Both parents can stay at home with an earnings-based allowance until the baby is about 11 months old. Finland also has a publicly subsidized childcare system. Alternatively, parents can choose to take care of a small child through home care leave with a flat allowance rate. These benefits have encouraged fathers to do a greater share of housework and childcare, although women still perform the lion’s share of domestic work. In other instances, women have reduced the burden of household work by outsourcing domestic chores, rather than men taking on more of the responsibilities. Finland has high family size ideals compared to other European countries, and childlessness and one-child families are not favored. The proportion of couples having at least three children has been growing since the 1970s.
Finland has historically been a country of emigration. In the 20th century, Finns emigrated largely in two waves. Before World War II, the majority of Finns went to North America, and after World War II most went to Sweden, where industrialization was generating much-needed jobs that offered higher salaries and a better standard of living. In the 1980s and early 1990s, Finnish returnees (mainly from Sweden) began to outnumber Finnish emigrants. Also arriving in Finland between April 1990 and 2010, were Ingrian Finns – descendants of ethnic Finns who settled near St. Petersburg, Russia, in the 17th century – who immigrated to Finland under the Right of Return Law. In addition, the country has absorbed immigrants from Russia, Estonia, the former Yugoslavia, and Sweden for a variety of reasons, most commonly for marriage and family reunification. Finland has also accepted refugees and asylum seekers from Somalia, Iraq, China, and Thailand.
Want to know more about Finland? Check all different factbooks for Finland below.