Here, let us take a look at the Geography of Indonesia.
note 1: 13,466 islands are in the archipelago, of which 922 are permanently inhabited; Indonesia is the world's largest country composed solely of islands; the country straddles the equator and occupies a strategic location along major sea lanes from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
note 2: Indonesia is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire; 80% of tsunamis, caused by volcanic or seismic events, occur within the "Pacific Ring of Fire"
note 3: despite having the fourth largest population in the world, Indonesia is the most heavily forested region on earth after the Amazon
. Mother's mean age at first birth is 22.4 years (2017 est.) (Note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49), whereas, the Maternal mortality ratio is 173 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)Location | Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean |
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Geographic coordinates | 5 00 S, 120 00 E |
Map references | Southeast Asia |
Tarrain | mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains |
Natural Resources | petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver |
Natural Hazards | occasional floods; severe droughts; tsunamis; earthquakes; volcanoes; forest fires volcanism: Indonesia contains the most volcanoes of any country in the world - some 76 are historically active; significant volcanic activity occurs on Java, Sumatra, the Sunda Islands, Halmahera Island, Sulawesi Island, Sangihe Island, and in the Banda Sea; Merapi (2,968 m), Indonesia's most active volcano and in eruption since 2010, has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; on 22 December 2018, a large explosion and flank collapse destroyed most of the 338 m high island of Anak Krakatau (Child of Krakatau) and generated a deadly tsunami inundating portions of western Java and southern Sumatra leaving more than 400 dead; other notable historically active volcanoes include Agung, Awu, Karangetang, Krakatau (Krakatoa), Makian, Raung, Sinabung, and Tambora; see note 2 under "Geography - note" |
Irrigated Land | 67,220 sq km (2012) |
Major rivers (by length in km) | Sepik (shared with Papua New Guinea [s]) - 1,126 km; Fly (shared with Papua New Guinea [s]) - 1,050 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth |
Major aquifers | |
Land Boundaries | 2,958 km |
Border Countries | Malaysia 1,881 km; Papua New Guinea 824 km; Timor-Leste 253 km |
Coastline | 54,716 km |
Climate | tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands |
Area | |
Total Area | |
Land Area | 1,811,569 sq km |
Water Area | 93,000 sq km |
comparative Area | slightly less than three times the size of Texas |
Maritime Claims | |
Territorial sea | 12 nm |
Exclusive economic zone | 200 nm |
Elevations | |
Highest point | Puncak Jaya 4,884 m |
Lowest point | Indian/Pacific Oceans 0 m |
Mean elevation | 367 m |
Land Use | |
Agricultural land | 29.8% (2022 est.) |
Agricultural land: arable land | arable land: 9.5% (2022 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent crops | permanent crops: 14.5% (2022 est.) |
Agricultural land: permanent pasture | permanent pasture: 5.8% (2022 est.) |
Forest | 48% (2022 est.) |
Other | 22.2% (2022 est.) |
Major concentration on the island of Java, which is considered one of the most densely populated places on earth; of the outer islands, Sumatra contains some of the most significant clusters, particularly in the south near the Selat Sunda and along the northeastern coast near Medan; the cities of Makasar (Sulawesi), Banjarmasin (Kalimantan) are also heavily populated
In Indonesia, the different Ethnic groups are such that we have: Javanese 40.1%, Sundanese 15.5%, Malay 3.7%, Batak 3.6%, Madurese 3%, Betawi 2.9%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Buginese 2.7%, Bantenese 2%, Banjarese 1.7%, Balinese 1.7%, Acehnese 1.4%, Dayak 1.4%, Sasak 1.3%, Chinese 1.2%, other 15% (2010 est.)
Population | |
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Pop growth rate | 0.73% (2024 est.) |
Birth rate | 14.8 births/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
Death rate | 6.8 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
Health expenditure | |
Physicians Density | |
Hospital bed Density | 1.4 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
Total fertility rate | 1.96 children born/woman (2024 est.) |
Gross reproduction rate | 0.96 (2024 est.) |
Contraceptive prevalence rate | 55.5% (2018) |
Est married women (ages 15-49) | 70% (2023 est.) |
Literacy | |
Education expenditures | |
Net Migration rate | -0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.) |
Nationality | Indonesian | Indonesian(s) |
Languages | |
Religions | Muslim 87.4%, Protestant 7.5%, Roman Catholic 3.1%, Hindu 1.7%, other 0.8% (includes Buddhist and Confucian) (2022 est.) |
Age Structure | |
0-14 years | 23.8% (male 34,247,218/female 32,701,367) |
15-64 years | 68.3% (male 96,268,201/female 95,961,293) |
65 years and over | 8% (2024 est.) (male 10,284,628/female 12,099,758) |
Dependency Ratios | |
Total dependency ratio | 46.5 (2024 est.) |
Youth dependency ratio | 34.8 (2024 est.) |
Elderly dependency ratio | 11.6 (2024 est.) |
Potential support ratio | 8.6 (2024 est.) |
Median Age | |
Total | 31.5 years (2024 est.) |
Male | 30.8 years |
Female | 32.3 years |
Urbanization | |
Urban population | 58.6% of total population (2023) |
Rate of urbanization | 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
Major urban areas (Pop) | 11.249 million JAKARTA (capital), 3.729 million Bekasi, 3.044 million Surabaya, 3.041 million Depok, 2.674 million Bandung, 2.514 million Tangerang (2023). |
Sex Ratio | |
At birth | 1.05 male(s)/female |
0-14 years | 1.05 male(s)/female |
15-64 years | 1 male(s)/female |
65 years and over | 0.85 male(s)/female |
Total population | 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.) |
Infant Motality | |
Total | 18.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.) |
Male | 21.3 deaths/1,000 live births |
Female | 16.4 deaths/1,000 live births |
Life Expectancy at birth | |
Total population | 73.6 years (2024 est.) |
Male | 71.3 years |
Female | 76 years |
Drinking Water Sources | |
Improved: urban | urban: 98.2% of population |
Improved: rural | rural: 86.8% of population |
Improved: total | total: 93.3% of population |
Unimproved: urban | urban: 1.8% of population |
Unimproved: rural | rural: 13.2% of population |
Unimproved: total | total: 6.7% of population (2020 est.) |
Sanitation facility acess | |
Improved: urban | urban: 97.2% of population |
Improved: rural | rural: 86.5% of population |
Improved: total | total: 92.5% of population |
Unimproved: urban | urban: 2.8% of population |
Unimproved: rural | rural: 13.5% of population |
Unimproved: total | total: 7.5% of population (2020 est.) |
Alcohol consumption per capita | |
Total | 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Beer | 0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Wine | 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Spirits | 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Other alcohols | 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
Tobacco use | |
Total | 39% (2025 est.) |
Male | 74.9% (2025 est.) |
Female | 3.1% (2025 est.) |
Child marriage | |
Women married by age 15 | 2% (2017) |
Women married by age 18 | 16.3% (2017) |
Want to know more about Indonesia? Check all different factbooks for Indonesia below.