Indonesia - Government
Based on the etymolgy of Indonesia, it was the name is an 18th-century construct of two Greek words, "Indos" (India) and "nesoi" (islands), meaning "Indian islands". The Government system in this country is the presidential republic type and the different Administrative divisions includes: 35 provinces (provinsi-provinsi, singular - provinsi), 1 autonomous province*, 1 special region** (daerah istimewa), and 1 national capital district*** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta***, Jambi, Jawa Barat (West Java), Jawa Tengah (Central Java), Jawa Timur (East Java), Kalimantan Barat (West Kalimantan), Kalimantan Selatan (South Kalimantan), Kalimantan Tengah (Central Kalimantan), Kalimantan Timur (East Kalimantan), Kalimantan Utara (North Kalimantan), Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (Bangka Belitung Islands), Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands), Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara (North Maluku), Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), Papua, Papua Barat (West Papua), Papua Barat Daya (Southwest Papua), Papua Pegunungan (Papua Highlands), Papua Selatan (South Papua), Papua Tengah (Central Papua), Riau, Sulawesi Barat (West Sulawesi), Sulawesi Selatan (South Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tengah (Central Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tenggara (Southeast Sulawesi), Sulawesi Utara (North Sulawesi), Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra), Sumatera Selatan (South Sumatra), Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra), Yogyakarta**
National symbols
Garuda (mythical bird); national colors: red, white.
The flag
The National flag of Indonesia has two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; the colors derive from the banner of the Majapahit Empire of the 13th-15th centuries; red symbolizes courage, white represents purity.
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note: similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red
The National Anthem
| Title | "Indonesia Raya" (Great Indonesia) |
|---|---|
| Lyric/music | Wage Rudolf SOEPRATMAN |
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note: adopted 1945
More about the government of Indonesia
| Date of Independence | 17 August 1945 (declared independence from the Netherlands) |
|---|---|
| National holiday | Independence Day, 17 August (1945) |
| Legal system | civil law system based on the Roman-Dutch model and influenced by customary law |
| International law organization participation | has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt |
| Constitution | |
| History | Drafted July to August 1945, effective 18 August 1945, abrogated by 1949 and 1950 constitutions; 1945 constitution restored 5 July 1959 |
| Amendments | Proposed by the People’s Consultative Assembly, with at least two thirds of its members present; passage requires simple majority vote by the Assembly membership; constitutional articles on the unitary form of the state cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2002 |
| Citizenship | |
| Citizenship by birth | no |
| Citizenship by descent only | at least one parent must be a citizen of Indonesia |
| Dual citizenship recognized | no |
| Residency requirement for naturalization | 5 continuous years |
| Executive Branch | |
| Chief of state | President Joko "Jokowi" WIDODO (since 20 October 2014) |
| Head of government | President Joko "Jokowi" WIDODO (since 20 October 2014) |
| Cabinet | Cabinet appointed by the president |
| Elections/appointments | president and vice president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 14 February 2024 (next to be held in 2029) |
| Election results | 2024: PRABOWO Subianto elected president (assumes office 20 October 2024); percent of vote - PRABOWO Subianto (GERINDRA) 58.6%, Anies Rasyid BASWEDAN (Independent) 24.9%, GANJAR Pranowo (PDI-P) 16.5% 2019: Joko WIDODO reelected president; percent of vote - Joko WIDODO (PDI-P) 55.5%, PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo (GERINDRA) 44.5% |
| Legislative branch | |
| Description | Bicameral People's Consultative Assembly or Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR) consists of: Regional Representative Council or Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (136 seats; non-partisan members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - 4 each from the country's 34 electoral districts - by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms); note - the Regional Representative Council has no legislative authority House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (580 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by single non-transferable vote to serve 5-year terms) |
| Elections | Regional Representative Council - last held on 14 February 2024 (next to be held in 2029) House of Representatives - last held on 14 February 2024 (next to be held in 2029) |
| Election results | Regional Representative Council - all seats elected on a non-partisan basis; composition - men 102, women 34, percentage women 25% House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDI-P 16.7%, Golkar 15.3%, Gerindra 13.2%, PKB 10.6%, Nasdem 9.7%, PKS 8.4%, PD 7.4%, PAN 7.2%; other 11.5% (10 additional parties received votes); seats by party - PDI-P 110, Golkar 102, Gerindra 86, PKB 68, Nasdem 69, PKS 53, PD 44, PAN 48; composition - men 449, women 126, percentage women 21.9%; total People's Consultative Assembly percentage women NA |
| Judicial branch | |
| Highest court(s) | Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (51 judges divided into 8 chambers); Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstitusi (consists of 9 judges) |
| Judge selection and term of office | Supreme Court judges nominated by Judicial Commission, appointed by president with concurrence of parliament; judges serve until retirement at age 65; Constitutional Court judges - 3 nominated by president, 3 by Supreme Court, and 3 by parliament; judges appointed by the president; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 70 |
| Subordinate courts | High Courts of Appeal, district courts, religious courts |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Ida Bagus Made BIMANTARA (since 30 November 2023) |
| Chancery | 2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 |
| Telephone | [1] (202) 775-5200 |
| FAX | [1] (202) 775-5236 |
| Email address and website | [email protected] Embassy of The Republic of Indonesia, in Washington D.C., The United States of America (kemlu.go.id) |
| Consulate(s) general | Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Michael F. KLEINE (since 20 November 2023) |
| Embassy | Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No. 3-5, Jakarta 10110 |
| Mailing address | 8200 Jakarta Place, Washington DC 20521-8200 |
| Telephone | [62] (21) 5083-1000 |
| FAX | [62] (21) 385-7189 |
| Email address and website | [email protected] https://id.usembassy.gov/ |
| Consulate(s) general | Surabaya |
| Consulate(s) | Medan |
| National heritage | |
| Total World Heritage Sites | 10 (6 cultural, 4 natural) |
| Selected World Heritage Site locales | Borobudur Temple Compounds (c); Komodo National Park (n); Prambanan Temple Compounds (c); Ujung Kulon National Park (n); Sangiran Early Man Site (c); Lorentz National Park (n); Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra (n); Cultural Landscape of Bali Province (c); Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto (c); Cosmological Axis of Yogyakarta and its Historic Landmarks (c) |
Key Political parties and their leaders in Indonesia
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International organization participation
All Important Facts about Indonesia
Want to know more about Indonesia? Check all different factbooks for Indonesia below.
