When we think of countries, vast landscapes and sprawling cities often come to mind. However, the world is also home to remarkably small nations—some so tiny they span just a few city blocks. These are known as microstates, and they offer fascinating examples of how sovereignty and identity thrive even on the smallest parcels of land.

At the top of the list is Vatican City, the world’s smallest country by area, nestled within Rome, Italy. Despite its size, it boasts a functioning government, its own military, and a global diplomatic network—yet it has no permanent native population.

Many of the top 100 smallest countries are either European microstates or island nations scattered across the Caribbean, South Pacific, and Indian Ocean. Most of them gained independence in the latter half of the 20th century and are now recognized as fully sovereign nations.

On this page, we’ll explore the world’s 100 smallest countries ranked by total land area—excluding dependent territories—and highlight their unique features, regional neighbors, and historical context. Whether you’re a geography enthusiast or simply curious about the smallest places on Earth, this list offers a compelling look at how size doesn’t define sovereignty.

List of the 100 smallest countries by total area (land and water surface)

* Including overseas territories.