Hiking Voyage Tips and guide

Hiking is an outdoor activity which consists of walking in natural environments, often on hiking trails.

Hiking may be broadly grouped into three categories:

• Day hiking involves distances of less than a mile up to longer distances that can be covered in a single day. For a day hike along an easy trail little preparations are needed, and any moderately fit person can enjoy them. Families with small children may need more preparations, but a day outdoors is easily possible even with babies and pre-school children.
• Long distance walking is multi-day hikes in non-wilderness areas or with significant service, such as trails, lodges and restaurants, possibly with transport for luggage. Long distance walking is a tradition very much alive in Europe. There are many trails through the countryside, often leading from one village to the next, and also to towns on the way. Often they follow routes used before roads were built. These and similar trails can be and are used also for day hikes. See Long distance walking in Europe, Grande Randonnée, Walking in the United Kingdom, Rheinsteig, Rheinburgenweg and Pieterpad.
• Wilderness backpacking involves a multi-day hiking expedition where participants carry the required supplies for overnight stay and two or more days of survival in the wilderness, and camp en route.

The categories overlap: many trails go through wilderness but have service where you are supposed to spend your nights. Much of the advice for wilderness applies between lodges or camping spots (or between the endpoints of you long day hike), but not all. Much of the advice for wilderness hikes may also apply where there is no wilderness at all, but you are carrying all your equipment, making your own food and sleeping outdoors.

Hiking can often be done near home, even if you live in a big city. If you or your family are not used to hiking, near home is often the best place to start. Getting away is easier and if something goes wrong or you simply do not enjoy your time, you can go home and do it differently the next time. For some, having a big experience the first time may feel important, but especially for children taking such risks is not a good option: they might get scared away from anything that resembles hiking. On the other hand, they are easily fascinated by very small new experiences. If you do not have a wood or other suitable terrain behind your house, a picnic at some nearby destination with trails and a campfire site may be ideal until you know everybody will be comfortable with more demanding adventures.

At many hiking destinations, there are easy-to-follow trails, such that knowing how to use a map and compass is not essential (although recommended), and there may be lodges with food and accommodation. Some such trails offer the possibility to get to see wilderness without too much skill and effort. The requirements vary though. If you are not used to walk a few kilometres, then a ten kilometres mountain hike will certainly be very hard. And on some trails you may find that the trail is not at all easy to follow, or that the creek you have to cross has transformed into a fast-flowing river. Always check what to expect.

If you do want to start with the big adventure, use a guide and make sure they understand your (lack of) experience and your preferences – and that you understand what you will have to cope with. A tourist entrepreneur once told about customers who wanted an exotic adventure in the wilderness, but were horrified when they realised there would be no water toilet. What are the things you did not think of?

While there are long, demanding trails in the wilderness with comfortable lodging possibilities, there are also trails with unmanned Spartan shelters or only spots where you can put your tent. Wilderness backpacking often means that you have to live without infrastructure (even trails) and with what you carry and perhaps fish from the streams and berries you pick. If you need help, you'll have to fetch it yourself. If you feel like returning to the days long past or truly immersing in the natural environment, wilderness backpacking is a good choice for you.

Do you have the skills needed to complete your hike safely and enjoyably? If in doubt, find someone more experienced to hike with, or at least discuss your plans with them. Make sure that person knows what your experience level is, and understands how much help you need from them. A lot of hikers learn socially, and from building up skills little by little, from year to year, from picnics to long wilderness hikes. Even if you have to train more quickly, start gently.

See also: Physical fitness

City folks are usually not accustomed to long walks with heavy packs, and usually not to the hilly and sometimes rough terrain of many trails. Even if you are fit, try long walks in hilly terrain before you go for any demanding hike. If aiming for real wilderness or long distance hiking, start with hikes you can interrupt more easily.

Proper footwear is the most essential gear for any walk. Choose comfortable sturdy shoes that fit your foot well. Hiking boots, hiking shoes and training shoes are common options. For steeper trails, you may want to size up to give your toes plenty of room. For muddy or rocky unpaved trails, choose a shoe that has a lugged rubber sole for better traction. Pair the shoes with thick and sturdy socks. Wool socks are considered to offer the best comfort and insulation for hiking, although pure wool may wear quite fast.

What you wear depends on the climate, and whatever the local weather could throw at you while you don't have a quick way back to shelter. Sweat and moisture are frequent issues - cotton eagerly absorbs water, becoming heavy and cold when wet, which may be nice in the desert but deadly in freezing temperatures. Wool or fleece are popular, as these fabrics provide the most warmth for their weight and still perform when wet. Avoid jeans and other heavy cotton garments, as these become heavy when wet.

There are different philosophies about packing. Those looking seriously at backpacking of multi-day hikes will be most concerned about the weight, reliability and versatility of items to pack. Other more casual hikers may re-purpose everyday items or carry additional weight in order to increase their comfort.

Comfort and enjoyment don't necessarily correlate: if you aim for maximum comfort, why don't you keep to your sofa? Instead, think about what luxury indeed augments your experience. For a beginner, things that make you feel at home may be important, while an experienced hiker might want to carry firesteel and flint instead of matches, even if they weigh more, and anybody might enjoy some spices to their meal.

A heavy pack will slow you down, so be thoughtful in what you decide to carry with you. Ultra-light equipment allows longer daily distances by making tradeoffs on comfort, durability and oftentimes budget (making it well-represented among sponsored travel blogs). Some traditionalists may just not want to spend on an extra set of equipment when what they have at home suffices, while others may want to avoid using high-tech in the natural environment.

Remember that if you don't know how to use an item, it will just be dead weight in your pack. Learn how to use safety-essential items like a map and compass in a safe location before needing to rely on them in the hills. Many of the items below can also be shared between your party – you probably don't all need to carry a first aid kit, as long as you have one or two between you.

The following list constitutes the essentials for the majority of hikes, and is a good starting list for a beginner:

• Backpack
• Waterproof coat
• A spare layer for warmth, especially wool or fleece
• First aid kit
• Map
• Compass
• Mobile phone (charged, off and water-tightly packed – you may want another one for non-critical use)
• Water – pack plenty and remember to drink it (0.5–1 l of water for every hour of hiking – the need partly depends on temperature, but cold dry air also augments it)
• Food – lunch or dinner, plus slow-release items like nuts for on the move snacking; pack electrolyte tablets for long hikes
• Torch

You may also want to consider bringing some 'luxury' items, which may add to your experience:

• Camera
• Picnic blanket
• Book
• Walking poles – in some terrain these or a staff may be essential. Also helpful for pregnant women and anyone with balance problems.

If carrying out a multi-day trip, it is likely that you will also need to carry a stove, tent, and other supplies. See camping for some advice, wilderness backpacking for some more.

On long trails that follow roads or bike paths, or where the path otherwise is wide and smooth enough, using a cart or stroller (with large enough wheels and suitable tyres) instead of a backpack can be a great way of saving your back and knees from the load. If you need to carry a few days' worth of water in a hot climate, this is a huge advantage. Make sure it is ergonomic for you. Also mind that this works only on some trails: you do not want to have to drag your cart over long stretches of duckboards, stairs, stones or loose gravel, or where the path is too narrow for it. If you do go for this option, put a backpack in the cart so that if the cart breaks you can abandon it (responsibly) and keep going. On a smooth path, you could consider using a bag which has both wheels and straps; these are not usually comfortable for a full day on your back, but are good if they can be pulled for 90% of the day.

It is highly unlikely that you will be the first person to hike in the area where you are going. Consider seeking the advice of other hikers before setting off to learn about any particularly challenging areas or any places of interest.

Weather is one of the main factors in preparing for any hike; know the climate, check weather forecasts, ensure you have a good weather window, with lots of time to spare. Be aware that weather in mountainous or coastal areas can change dramatically and adjust your equipment accordingly. Bear in mind the impact that sudden or severe weather could have on your route – if you are walking next to a river for instance, flooding could render the path inaccessible, and descending cloud could increase the time needed to get "below the weather".

Always overestimate the length of time that a hike will take you – the standard calculation advises 4 km/hr (on a good trail). You may want to adjust the standard calculation down to 3½, 3 or even 2½ km/hr if you are a new or inexperienced walker or if the route grade becomes more difficult — straight through the forest or across a boulder field and it might drop down to 2 km/hr. For any ascends 15 min per 100 m altitude gain is a good estimate, above 3,000 m elevation it is better to use 20-30 min per 100 m altitude gain.

Once you have calculated this, build in additional time for rest stops, lunch breaks, and sightseeing. If your route has you finishing within a few hours of dusk, consider taking a torch with you in the event that you are delayed. An important safety measure is to inform somebody (such as a friend, relative, or even your hotel manager) on your route and when you expect to be back – if you broke your ankle you don't want to climb a hillside to get mobile phone coverage, and your phones could have gone dead. Give a hard deadline for calling rescue services – having your friend decide puts an unreasonable burden on them.

See also Appalachian Trail#Prepare for information about a demanding long-distance trail.

Solo hiking is more dangerous, so think about companions. The best companions will have similar goals. It's best if all of you want to set speed records, or if all of you want to stop for photographs at every bend, than if one person wants to rush and another wants to admire the scenery.

Hiking with children is slower than hiking with adults, and they can't go as far in a day. A three-year-old child might be able to hike three miles (5 km) in a whole day, and may take three times as long as an adult to cover that distance. Plan short routes with lots of rest stops, bring an all-terrain baby stroller, or plan to carry the child. Carry favorite foods and more water than you think is reasonable. Until they are older teens, a "character-building" long hike will at best teach kids to hate hiking, and at worst may result in needing an emergency rescue.

You might also need to shorten your hike if you're bringing a dog along. Humans of ordinary fitness levels can outlast even athletic dogs on an all-day hike, as the human is better at conserving their energy in most hiking scenarios. If you haven't been hiking, your dog probably hasn't either, and will be overwhelmed by the experience. And of course, your dog is probably not athletic.

If you don't want to walk back to your starting point at the end of your hike, you can use two vehicles to get between your start and finish points. This is helpful when walking a long trail in stages.

The method is simple. Drive with two cars to the end of the trail, and park one of them there. Load everyone into the other car and drive to the start point. At the end of the hike, load everyone into the first parked car and drive back to the start to get the other. Make sure that both cars can fit everybody, and that the drivers carry their keys!

Sometimes a local business can be asked to drive the car to the hike endpoint – you avoid driving two cars to the destination (their car is already there, so less driving in total in most situations).

In some countries there are dedicated buses or train stations intended primarily for hikers. There are even remote railway lines where you may request a stop outside a dedicated stop (or official stops that look like they were just improvised).

If you can use public transport (and perhaps a taxi for getting near the trailhead) you avoid the extra driving and the hassle of handling the cars. If you need a ride back, make sure your end point has phone reception and that you'll have enough battery to hail them.

All three of the following together will allow for a full and safe hiking experience. Using just one, certain pre-cautions should be taken depending on the chosen trail.

See also: Orienteering

Relying on paper or offline maps requires knowledge on how to read such maps and how to draw conclusions about your position in them. It is important to understand the elevation profile of your trail, and the scale of the map to calculate distances and times for hikes. The more information inside the map, the better. Contour lines and hillshades allow you to project the map onto the surrounding area, by denoting valleys, ridges, peaks, plains and other terrain features.

You can also use a map to guess the best route when there is no trail. E.g. avoid hiking down a stream valley the summit, follow a level ridge free of steep barriers, avoid steep scree slopes of about 30° where it is easy to cause a slide.

Main article: GPS navigation

Nowadays, hiking has become much easier with the help of GPS navigation. Such devices support navigation, map display, trail recording, POI identification and tourism information. Translation apps can help with conversation with locals, and mobile phones can be used for emergency calls (if there is coverage).

Never rely on these devices for safety, as they are prone to failure – there are issues with batteries, controls, toughness etc. Some do not cope with moisture or cold weather, or need a steady internet connection. Most smartphones cannot be handled with gloves on, and most break if they drop on a stony trail. Also tougher devices can run out of batteries, lose contact to the satellites in a gorge or in dense forest, or give inaccurate information. Paper won't become a brick in the same way your phone can.

Even with a perfectly working device, you need to understand the map it shows and any issues with a route it might choose. Few devices can create sensible routes through off-trail terrain. The straight line it may choose in absence of roads is never a good choice, and it may lead down cliffs or across suicidal fords.

Some trails are well-marked and well-wandered, where no additional navigation is necessary, as long as you know your intended route or destination beforehand.

The comprehensiveness of markers and level of trail maintenance can vary widely. You need to be able to cope if the markings are confusing at some point or the trail becomes impassable (by a flood or whatever). For short trails, you may just need to turn back. In more demanding circumstances you must be able to improvise a camp and plan a new route, which maps and GPS are quite handy for.

Depending where you are going, see also cold weather, pests, altitude sickness and dangerous animals.

Sometimes you will want to climb up to a mountain summit, without carrying your full kit with you. If you stash any equipment, make sure it really is findable; in some terrain there are a zillion places that look the same and finding the same route back can be surprisingly difficult.

You don't want to go too many days without washing. A nice shower does wonders after a long day of hiking. Unfortunately, finding a hot shower in the wilderness is unlikely. Long-distance hikers commonly rent a room somewhere along the way just to use one. In Finland, Norway, Sweden and Russia you may find a sauna also at remote huts with no running water, and a sauna bath is even better than the shower. Make sure you know how to handle the stove and how to dry the sauna afterwards.

A quick splash in a local river or lake without compromising your safety can be just as rewarding. Skip your favourite lavender scented soap this time, though – any cleaning product, even if fully biodegradable or completely natural, has an effect on aquatic ecosystems.

If all else fails, pack along a sealed "baby wipe" to stave off some truly wild body odors.

Blisters on your feet can be a painful result of a walk. Although some people are more likely to get blisters than others, everybody should take precautions and be prepared, so that this remains a minor inconvenience.

• Wear good comfortable boots or shoes. Ensure these fit well. New walking boots (particularly leather ones) should be worn extensively before you set off on your trip – buy new boots a few months in advance of a big trip and wear them on gentle day walks from home. At the other extreme boots should not be so worn that they are structurally degraded.
• Wear good socks. Try wearing two pairs of socks – a thin close fitting pair next your skin and then a thick woollen or cotton pair, on longer trips you could wear clean inner socks each day and change the outer ones less often. An alternative is a pair of special two-layer walking socks, which are like having the two socks sewn together. In either case the two layers of fabric between you foot and the boot should result in rubbing being between the two layers rather than against your foot.
• Keep you feet dry. Wet skin softens and may form blisters more readily. Avoid putting wet socks on in the morning, and consider changing your socks when you finish walking at the end of the day.
• Immediately remove any small stones which get into your boots.
• Apply fabric adhesive plasters to areas of your feet where blisters are likely to form (based on your experience), or where you start feeling any "hot spots" from skin friction.

Inspect your feet at the end of day. If you do develop any blisters, clean and bandage with special "blister plasters" that you can carry in your First Aid Kit.

To each hiking trip, there are three sides. Check the risks by looking at each of them:

• The people: How is your health and the health of your partners? Do you have enough stamina? Does your ability match the difficulty of the route? Do you have enough experience? Do you carry the right equipment? If you have a 'guide' do they know your level of experience?
• The route: How long? How arduous? How difficult is it to navigate? Will you meet the most difficult part near the beginning or at the end?
• The circumstances: How does current, past and forecasted weather affect the route?

It is impossible to minimize or cancel all dangers. But if you know about a danger, you can offset it by choosing a safety factor. For example, if it is raining heavily, you can choose a route without river crossings. Or if you feel unprepared, add larger time reserves. Also if the conditions don't seem favourable for a particular hike, don't feel pressured to go against your feelings: even (and especially) experienced hikers know that cautious disappointment is better than risking getting into a dangerous situation.

A good plan will also consider your state as the hike progresses. For example, a well planned hike will aim to put any major ascents (such as hill climbing) at the start of the hike when you (and your party) have the energy for it, conversely at the end of the hike, a good plan will have you on a gentle descent, perhaps with "slack" allowances as you are tired.

Communicate your plan to someone who is not on the hike, with your expected route and expected return time. Make sure they know what you to do if they do not hear from you by the expected return time.

There are many places where you need to decide to carry on, choose an alternative path or turn back.

Decide beforehand with everyone in your party when and where you will make these decisions. This forces you to be conscious of the time, the weather conditions, your well-being, and above all – the risks.

If someone is too injured or sick to hike out, you need to arrange a rescue for them.

Wind, heat and cold are significant dangers. Finding some kind of shelter is extremely important – that is why you should always carry a map! When looking for lost persons, rescue personnel will always check shelters and their guest books. There is a trade-off between getting good shelter, and avoiding transport that may be hard for the injured or sick person (and arduous for you). Sometimes it is better to build a shelter where you are or somewhere close.

An injured person will very easily get cold. Make sure they are adequately isolated from the ground and well covered. In cold weather they could share a sleeping bag with somebody for keeping warm. The "space blanket" in your first aid kit reflects body heat and protects from the wind, but it does not prevent heat loss to the ground.

Know the phone numbers of the rescue agencies. The general emergency service (such as 112 in Europe or 911 in the U.S.) should be able to forward the call or contact them as needed (see Phone service#Stay safe). Before calling for help, write down your coordinates and distances and directions to landmarks that can be used for finding you. Keep your map ready to explain your location. Be aware mobile phone positioning systems don't always work well in rural areas, and GPS systems can't always "see" enough sky to find satellites. Do a reality check, especially if the device was just turned on and has not yet updated its bearings. Provide landmarks in addition to coordinates, as a mistake could send rescuers to an entirely different area if you rely just on numbers.

If you can't send an electronic message where you are, you must send somebody to call for help. Sometimes climbing a nearby hill is enough to get signal, sometimes you need to get to a road with traffic or an inhabited house. Some mountain shelters have emergency phones (check that in advance). If possible, send two people with written instructions. Make a copy for those staying, as that will allow you to check whether changed plans are compatible with the instructions, or whether the instructions were ambiguous. Determine what path they should use, and whether they should come back to give assistance.

To ease finding you, make your shelter highly visible. If you expect rescuers to come by air, create big marks on the ground, such as an "X" from bright-coloured clothes. When you see or hear a helicopter, use the international signs for help. Make a "Y" with your arms for "Yes, we need help": Point both hands to the sky. (Or make a "N" with your arms to signal "No help needed": One hand pointing to the ground, one hand pointing to the sky.) This saves valuable time for the helicopter crew.

When a helicopter is landing, stand with your back to the wind, and your face to the helicopter (the pilot wants to land against the wind). Kneel on the ground, protect your eyes, and do not move. In case of bad vision (fog, night, rain, snowfall), the helicopter crew needs your body as a landing aid. For that reason, wear bright clothing when directing a helicopter.

Part of the camping experience is to be away from screens, and keeping the phone off and packed away will help you immerse in the nature around you and get away from your everyday life. That said, a phone is also a valuable safety tool and can be handy for other uses.

Depending on where you go, you may have poor mobile phone coverage, or none at all. With weak signal, batteries empty much faster than at home, as searching for reception is more draining that maintaining reception. Keep the internet off when you don't need it to preserve battery life. Hilltops get better signal than valleys, and some trails have specific spots known to have good signal. Text messages draw less power than calls.

If you need to meet someone along your hike, it makes sense to arrange that meeting somewhere where you don't miss each other because of lack of coverage or bad weather. A cabin with phone coverage would allow one party to wait for the other and be kept updated on their approach. Usually it suffices to know whether they'll arrive tonight, or whether you should wait, continue or go for another meeting place.

Mobile phones can be used for weather services, via app, website or text message.

Most smartphones have integrated GPS navigation. You may need to download a suitable app for the maps you need, as the default apps don't have complete hiking and topography information. You may need download maps that work while offline. GPS uses quite a lot of power when in use, so have a way to recharge your phone if it's your primary means of navigation. You should also have a paper map at least as a backup.

Most mobile phones aren't made for rough handling. Some don't handle moisture at all, some fail in cold temperatures, and you probably have cracked the screen of one. Even if yours is made to be tough, it might have its batteries go dead, you might drop it into a river or just lose it. A spare phone, charged, off and water-tightly packed, is a good backup. Depending on region, it might not need an SIM card for calling emergency services.

In some areas, especially where reception is poor, there are safety phones at some or most cabins. They may have landline or satellite connection, or just a good antenna on a stationary "mobile" phone. You might not be able to place normal calls – some of these are hardwired to emergency services. Still, they are useful if you are in an emergency, or if you are belated and risk missing the deadline when a friend will call emergency services. Check whether there are any special requirements or handling instructions.

Where you are off the mobile phone grid, you might still get connection with a satellite phone. In some places you can hire one for your hike. If you consider buying one, check coverage: if the satellites are geostationary, they have an orbit over the equator at a specific height, and won't cover the polar regions. Already at high latitudes, such as the Nordic countries or Alaska, they are easily blocked by mountains. Also other satellites may cover some regions better than others, and high latitudes are seldom a priority.

Travel topics are listed first, and then itinerary articles in alphabetical order.

Main article: Hiking and trekking in Mauritius

Morocco has all kinds of landscapes, ranging from deserts to mountainous areas and lush forests, and therefore is a great hiking destination.

Main article: Hiking in Réunion

Réunion's many mountains, cirques and pitons make the island a great place for hiking. It has some trails as part of the European Grande Randonnée trails, and many more other hiking trails in Réunion National Park, the national park of the island.

Main article: Hiking in South Africa

Main article: Hiking and backpacking in Israel

• Hiking in the Judaean Desert
• Israel Trail
• Golan Trail

Main article: Trekking in Nepal

• Everest Base Camp Trek

Main article: Trekking in Vietnam

General topics:

• Grande Randonnée
• Hiking in the Nordic countries
• Long distance walking in Europe

Individual routes:

• E9 European Coast Path – planned to connect Cape St Vincent in southern Portugal to the Baltic coast of Russia near St. Petersburg
• E11 hiking trail – through the Netherlands, Germany and Poland
• GR 5 – from the Netherlands through the French Alps to Nice, including Grande Traverse des Alpes
• Nidaros Path – pilgrimage routes to Trondheim, Norway
• Nordkalottleden – wilderness backpacking route in the Arctic of Finland, Norway and Sweden
• Way of Saint James – pilgrimage routes to Santiago de Compostela, north-western Spain

• Ad's Path

• Land Art Trail on Mt. Učka

• Jablanica

Main article: Hiking in Estonia

See Réunion above for hiking in Réunion, a French overseas department.

• GR 20
• GR 21
• GR 223

• Hiking in Northwestern Georgia

• Fünf Seidla Steig
• Rheinsteig
• Rheinburgenweg

• Pieterpad

Main article: Hiking destinations in Norway

• Hiking around Ljubljana

• GR 10
• GR 92

• Kungsleden
• Padjelantaleden
• Södra Kungsleden

• Cappadocia — valley hikes across an extremely varied volcanic landscape
• Lycian Way — a hiking trail extending for more than 500 km (310 mi) along the southwest coast
• Uludağ — trails of various lengths from the coniferous forests up to the alpine meadows, glacier lakes, and the summit

• The island of Madeira and to a lesser extent the Azores are well known as a hiking paradise.

Main article: Walking in the United Kingdom

• Ben Nevis
• Coast To Coast Walk
• Cotswold Way
• East Sussex Footpaths
• Great Glen Way
• Hikes in the Lake District
• John Muir Way
• Ledge Route and the Carn Mor Dearg Arete (Ben Nevis)
• Offa's Dyke Path
• Oxfordshire Way
• Pennine Way
• Skye Trail
• South Downs Way
• Southern Upland Way
• Speyside Way
• Wales Coast Path
• West Highland Way

• Hiking in the Canadian Rockies
• Trans Canada Trail

Main article: Hiking in the United States

See also: United States National Trails System

• Hiking in the East Bay
• Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail
• American Discovery Trail
• Appalachian Trail
• Arroyo del Valle Trail
• Continental Divide National Scenic Trail
• Ice Age Trail
• Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail
• Ohlone Wilderness Trail
• Oregon National Historic Trail
• Pacific Crest Trail
• Pony Express National Historic Trail
• Santa Fe National Historic Trail
• Trail Of Tears National Historic Trail

• Chirripo National Park
• Tapantí National Park

• The Quetzal Trail – 5 hr (one way)

See also: Hiking in Australia

• Hiking in Kosciuszko National Park
• Larapinta Trail – 220 km, from Alice Springs

See also: Tramping in New Zealand, New Zealand Great Walks

New Zealand is popular for both day hikes and multi-day hikes, with a network of trails and huts to cater for most abilities. The country has a number of Great Walks which offer both private and public accommodation as well as guided hiking. These include the following:

• The Milford Track
• The Routeburn Track
• The Rakiura Track

• Kokoda Track

• El Choro Trek

• Choquequirao
• Inca trail
• Salkantay trail

• Cross-country skiing
• Camping food
• Cycling
• Packing for a week of hiking
• Wilderness backpacking